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The Age of Exploration

The Age of Exploration. Chapter 13. Reasons for Exploration. War and the conquests by the Ottoman Turks reduced the ability to travel by land. 3 G’s – Gold, God, Glory. Portuguese. Portugal takes the lead in exploration. Gold Southern coast of West Africa = Gold Coast Spice

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The Age of Exploration

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  1. The Age of Exploration Chapter 13

  2. Reasons for Exploration War and the conquests by the Ottoman Turks reduced the ability to travel by land. 3 G’s – Gold, God, Glory

  3. Portuguese • Portugal takes the lead in exploration. • Gold • Southern coast of West Africa = Gold Coast • Spice • Vasco da Gama (1498), found route to India; made HUGE profits

  4. Voyages to the Americas Columbus’s Map circa 1490 • Spain • financed Columbus • 1492, reached the Indies • Thought he had reached Asia Columbus and Queen Isabella

  5. Line of Demarcation • Spain & Portugal feared the other would claim the new territories • Treaty of Tordesillas – Spain gets west and Portugal gets east.

  6. Original Treaty of Tordesillas Map

  7. The Race is On! • John Cabot – explores New England coastline for England • Amerigo Vespucci – wrote letters and described what he saw • Hernan Cortes – conquers Aztecs • Francisco Pizarro – conquers Incas

  8. Diseases • Forced labor, starvation, & disease devastated the Native American population • Mexico: 25 million to 1 million • Hispaniola: 250,000 to 500

  9. Columbian Exchange • The exchange of plants and animals between Europe and the Americas

  10. Columbian Exchange • Philippines becomes base for Spanish trade • English establish trade with India and SE Asia • Dutch form East India Company (Competed with English & Portuguese) • Formed West India Company (trade in the Americas) • Established colony of New Netherland • English established Massachusetts Bay Colony (1600’s) – becomes colonial empire

  11. Mercantilism • a nation’s prosperity depended on a large supply of gold/silver b/c it gave a country a favorable balance of trade.

  12. Mercantilism • Nations wanted a favorable balance of trade • Value of exported goods is greater than the value of imported goods • Colonies become very important! • Sources of raw materials and markets of parent country’s finished goods

  13. The Slave Trade • Demand increased w/the European voyages to the Americas • Sugar cane plantations used slave labor b/c disease had killed off the native population • Trading of slaves becomes a major export in the triangular trade (route)

  14. Triangular Trade Route

  15. The Middle Passage • The journey to the Americas that was the middle leg of the triangular trade route • 16th c. – 275,000 • 17th c. – +1 million • 18th c. - 6 million • By the end of the slave trade (19th c.) over 10 million slaves were shipped from Africa

  16. The Middle Passage • Most slaves were war captives • Most were sold for gold, guns and other goods • Most Europeans never actually “captured” slaves b/c they believed it was too dangerous to go into the hinterland so, local traders actually captured the slaves • Slave trade depopulated many African communities – depriving them of their youngest and strongest men and women

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