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The press & mental illness: a study

The press & mental illness: a study. by Mary O’Hara. the team. Mary O’Hara: Alistair Cooke Fulbright Scholar Professor Stephen Hinshaw: UC Berkeley Research assistants: Robert Villaneuva Laura Gildengoran Natalia Garcia. Robert Villaneuva. On the agenda.

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The press & mental illness: a study

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  1. The press & mental illness: a study • by Mary O’Hara

  2. the team • Mary O’Hara: Alistair Cooke Fulbright Scholar • Professor Stephen Hinshaw: UC Berkeley • Research assistants: • Robert Villaneuva • Laura Gildengoran • Natalia Garcia

  3. Robert Villaneuva

  4. On the agenda

  5. Mental illness & the media in context • Research objectives • Methodology • Key findings • Conclusions and next steps

  6. Mental health in context

  7. what we know • 1 in 4 people will experience a mental illness at some point in their lives • stigma affects millions of people • the media plays a key role

  8. Why do this research?

  9. Research objectives

  10. research questions • What are the differences and similarities in the coverage of mental illness in mainstream press in the US and the UK? • Has coverage altered over time and if so, in what ways? • Are there things to learn about trends from looking at much older coverage?

  11. research objectives • To evaluate coverage of mental illness in a range of mainstream newspapers over a significant timeframe in the US and the UK • To ascertain if the way coverage is ‘advertised’ - ie: headlines - differs from from the content of articles • To chart trends in coverage over time within each country

  12. research objectives • To draw comparisons between the two countries • To establish if further research is warranted

  13. “Specific newspapers, such as the New York Times and Washington Post, have an even greater influence on the national and international news agenda because they serve as sources of news that many other outlets look to in making their own programming and editorial decisions. So while the overall audience for newspapers has declined over recent years, newspapers still play a large and consequential role in setting the overall news agenda that cannot be strictly quantified or justified by circulation data alone.” The Pew Centre Project for Excellence in Journalism News Coverage Index

  14. Methodology

  15. the papers • The New York Times • The Washington Post • The Chicago Tribune • The LA Times • The Guardian • The Times • The Daily Mail • The Sun • The London Evening Standard

  16. data capture • Lexus Nexus software • Online archives • All text was scanned for key mental health words and terms

  17. data analysis • Headlines - large sample • Full text - smaller, de-limited pilot of articles

  18. sampling • 1985-2009 time frame • Three single years selected with no less than 10 year intervals. Years: 1985, 1995 & 2009 • Sampling of headlines and articles from the first three months of each year

  19. coding • 3 research assistants coded all material • Thorough inter-coder training and testing • Coder agreement well above accepted levels of reliability for textual analysis

  20. housekeepingvariables • Number of words • Date of publication • Type of publication • Type of coverage

  21. criticalvariables • Topics • Mental health conditions • Tone

  22. maintopics • 18 main topics including suicide, murders or violent crimes committed by a person with a mental illness, the psychiatric profession, wellbeing, stigma, treatment issues, therapies & causes of mental illness

  23. secondary-topics • 30 secondary topics including: gender, race, age, addiction, public policy, celebrity, the justice system, first-person stories, funding, wider healthcare provision, the pharmaceutical industry, disability & mental health professionals

  24. conditions • Severe mental disorders • Other common mental disorders • Other disorders • Generic references • Wrongly labelled • Unclear

  25. Tone

  26. tone:4pointscale

  27. Nutter

  28. Psycho

  29. Schizo

  30. Slaughtered

  31. Butchered

  32. Massacred

  33. Berserk

  34. Rampage

  35. Deranged

  36. Crazed

  37. messages • Risk of violence or association with violence • Recovery • Prevention • Risks & causes of mental illness • Commonness or rarity • Capability/competence • Treatment • Attitudes • Other

  38. subsidiaryresearch • Small randomised sample from 1900 & 1950 • Titles with the most robust archive data • Coded as per the main sample

  39. The findings

  40. Tone

  41. Tone: articles (US)Overall

  42. Tone: articles (US)Change over time

  43. Tone: articles (UK)Overall

  44. Tone: articles (UK)Change over time

  45. But....

  46. Tone: articles (Broadsheet only)

  47. Messages • Risk of violence or association with violence • Recovery • Prevention • Risks & causes of mental illness • Commonness or rarity • Capability/competence • Treatment • Attitudes • Other

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