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Expanding Markets & Moving West

Explore how Industrialization and capitalism transformed the U.S. economy, with inventions fueling growth and improved transportation linking regions. Manifest Destiny spurred westward expansion, impacting Native Americans, while key trails like Santa Fe and Oregon facilitated movement. The interaction of markets and entrepreneurship, along with the agricultural, manufacturing, and shipping developments across different regions, shaped American history during this era.

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Expanding Markets & Moving West

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  1. Expanding Markets & Moving West Chapter 9 Coach Bowling

  2. Section 1 The Market Revolution

  3. 9.1 Objectives • Describe how Industrialization and capitalism impacted the U.S. economy • Identify the inventions that enhanced people’s lives and helped fuel the country’s economic growth • Explain how improved transportation and communication systems helped to link America’s regions and make them interdependent

  4. 9.1 Main Idea • Technological Changes created greater interaction and more economic diversity among the regions of the nation

  5. Samuel Morse • Invented electromagnetic telegraph • Invention allowed people to communicate with one another across regions • Congress gave Morse $30k to develop model

  6. U.S. Markets Expand • By Mid-1800’s, Americans had become industrialized • Farmers shifted to specialization, a system where focus is placed on growing 1-2 crops

  7. Cont. • Led to a Market Revolution • Occurs when people buy and sell goods rather than make them for their own use • Result = incomes of Americans grow

  8. The Entrepreneurial Spirit • Capitalism – economic system in which private businesses and individuals control production • ex. Textile mills, factories • Entrepreneurs – people who risk their money in a capitalist society

  9. New Inventions • Charles Goodyear – rubber • Elias Howe – sewing machine • Samuel Morse – telegraph

  10. The Economic Revolution • Communication – telegraph allowed people to communicate over distance • Transportation – Canals opened for shipping to increase; railroads emerged

  11. New Markets Link Regions • Regions were specialized • South & North differed in production, split between regions continued to grow

  12. Southern Agriculture • Cotton, Tobacco, and Rice were grown throughout the South • Money was tied up in land and slaves • Factories were not prominent in the South • New Markets were created in this era

  13. Northeast Shipping & Manufacturing • Canals opened up world commerce • Manufacturing jobs opened up trade as well • The North produced more for less thanks to manufacturing

  14. Midwest Farming • People moved westward to get away from industrialization • Land had to be worked so that farms could start • 2 inventions helped this occur

  15. Cont. • 1837 – John Deere invented the first steel plow; better than others b/c oxen could be replaced by horses • 1837 – Cyrus McCormick invented the mechanical reaper; replaced farmhands; wheat & corn could be produced at a high rate • Encouraged Northerners & Southerners to move westward

  16. Section 2 Manifest Destiny

  17. 9.2 Objectives • Summarize the reasons American settlers headed west during the mid-1800’s • Describe the impact of westward expansion on Native Americans • Identify the westward trails and some of the people who used them

  18. 9.2 Main Idea • Americans moved west, energized by their belief in the rightful expansion of the United States from the Atlantic to the Pacific

  19. The Frontier Draws Settlers • By 1840’s expansion was goal of many Americans • Jefferson had this in mind with the Louisiana Purchase • Idea of Manifest Destiny developed

  20. Cont. • Many Americans felt it was the destiny of the country to spread to the Pacific Ocean • Economic problems caused settlers to move west • There was an abundance of land for people to gain a fresh start

  21. Settlers & Native Americans • Settlers who moved west ran into natives along the way • Some natives were accepting while others were aggressive towards the newcomers

  22. The Blackhawk War • White settlers pressured natives of Illinois to move westward in the 1830’s • Blackhawk, a leader of the Sauk tribe, decided to lead a rebellion against the U.S.

  23. Cont. • The rebellion soon turned into war • It spread from Illinois to the Wisconsin territory • Ended when militiamen slaughtered more than 200 natives • Result = natives were forced to move

  24. Fort Laramie Treaty (1851) • Settlers were constantly fighting with natives • In 1851, treaty with several native groups arranged for natives to have a certain amount of land in return for no attacks on settlers. • U.S. constantly broke treaty by displacing natives, refusing payments, and depleted land of natural resources

  25. The Santa Fe Trail • 780 miles from Independence, MO to Santa Fe, NM • Wagons traveled alone for 1st 100 miles then formed wagon trains • Searched for gold, silver, and furs

  26. The Oregon Trail • Started at Independence, MO and ended in Portland, OR • Trip took months • Disease set in and took lives • Native Tribes attacked some settlers • 5,000 settlers arrived by 1844

  27. The Mormon Migration Joseph Smith established the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in New York around 1830. He led followers westward to IL. Protesters opposed polygamy (marriage to more than one person) and problems arose.

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