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The Internet in BC

The Internet in BC. BCnet Michael Hrybyk, Michael.Hrybyk@bc.net General Manager, BCnet Director, Group for Adv Information Technology R&D, BCIT President, BCIA. Overview. Network Basics Research Networks and BCnet Advanced Initiatives ISPs. The Voice (Telephone) Network.

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The Internet in BC

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  1. The Internet in BC BCnet Michael Hrybyk, Michael.Hrybyk@bc.net General Manager, BCnet Director, Group for Adv Information Technology R&D, BCIT President, BCIA

  2. Overview • Network Basics • Research Networks and BCnet • Advanced Initiatives • ISPs

  3. The Voice (Telephone) Network • Based on circuits • A circuit is a dedicated connection between two destinations • Circuits are patched together and aggregated • Use of circuit switches • Each voice circuit is 64kbps digitized

  4. Circuits • Call setup • Interaction • Session maintenance • Call teardown • Resources are allocated throughout the system during the life of the circuit

  5. Comments on Circuits • Excellent for voice • dedicated bandwidth • No congestion control needed - on-ramp is controlled • Resources over-allocated • reserved even during periods of silence • Inefficient for short messages • Drawbacks for some forms of data

  6. The Video Network • Broadcast • One-way transmission, one TX, one RX • Analog signalling • Use of cable or RF • All channels sent to all receivers • No room for return signals

  7. Data Networks • Circuit-switched • Packet-switched • Connection-oriented • Connectionless

  8. Packets • Small standardized chunks of data • Sequencing information • Addressing information • Size and error detection/correction • Type information

  9. The Internet • A Unique Data Network • Packet-switched • Uses TCP/IP • Connectionless • higher layers maintain connections between applications

  10. TCP/IP Protocol • The language of the Internet • Open standard, US DOD sponsored • Already runs over ATM at high speeds! • Media independent • Popularized by UCal Berkeley UNIX

  11. Discarding Data is Good! • Seems ridiculous • Fundamental strength of TCP/IP • End points have the responsibility for keeping track of connections • The network (backbone) sends the packet through on the best possible route • No predetermined paths or resources set aside

  12. Assessment of TCP/IP and the Internet • Good • Handles bursty data • Deals with outages well • Simple and efficient • Bad • No security at the network level • No guaranteed service levels

  13. Internet Performance and Capacity • Capacity planning based on trend analysis rather than number of calls • Reasonable interactive response, but not guaranteed

  14. The Next TCP/IP • Quality of service schemes • Better addressing • Tuned for high speed, error free links

  15. What is the Internet? • The Internet is a network of data networks. • The basic building block is a single network, usually a LAN • LANs are connected to regional or mid-level networks at the second stage. • The regional networks are interconnected at the national level. • National networks also maintain interconnections, forming a vast web.

  16. Internet Architecture • Use of the telephone network • Use of fixed data circuits, open all the time • Shared backbone ciruit • Tail circuits to sites

  17. Internet Architecture II • No end-to-end circuits • Packets traverse across the backbone • Congestion results in dropped packets • Retransmission algorithms: sliding window, ...

  18. Network Connections • Routers provide the glue • Routers forward packets to the next destination • Routers keep each other informed regarding the best way to get to a particular destination

  19. Internet Governance • There is none! • Cooperation - boards and committees • IETF - Internet Engineering Task Force • IAB - Internet Architecture Board • INTERNIC - Internet Network Information Centre

  20. History • Started in 1973 as a US DOD project • Became the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency) • Added to Berkeley Unix in the early 80’s • NSF funded a backbone and regional networks in the mid-80s • Complete commercial backbone at present

  21. Canadian History • NetNorth and Datapac were early networks (non-TCP/IP) • CA*net formed in the mid 80’s • CA*net connects provincial networks together on a high speed backbone • One regional network per province

  22. Research and Education Networks • Connect • Major Universities • Colleges and Institutes • Schools • Government • R&D and tech firms • Evolution • ARPANET-NSFnet • Corporate • Internet II/CA*netIII

  23. BCnet and CA*net Yesterday • BCnet • Broadband Cable backbone, moved to T1 • Tail sites using analog leased lines • CA*net • 56k backbone, moved to T1, then multiples

  24. Canadian Research and Education Networks • National: CA*net2/3 (CANARIE) • Regional: BCnet, WURCNET, ONET, RISQ, ...

  25. Our Mission: To connect the information resources of the B.C. universities and colleges with business, government, and non-profit organizations. To expand the opportunities for cooperative research across academic disciplines and organizational boundaries. To widen the access to information resources to students, educators, and researchers. To facilitate the transfer of university research and technology development to industry, government, and the wider community. To promote the common good through enhanced communication and information sharing. BCnet: a decade of excellence A BC First BCnet created the first Internet connections in BC in 1988. National Accreditation CANARIE, an industry-led consortium promoting Canada’s Information Highway, appointed BCnet to operate the CA*netII gigaPOP in BC. Special Recognition At the 1999 New Media Conference, BCnet received the Hyperion Award for Excellence for its contribution to BC Internet growth. Several BCnet personnel were recognized by the Prime Minister as “founders” and "builders" of Canada's Information Highway. BCnet has a 10 year track record of visionary, cost effective, and sustainable implementation of internetworking that is unmatched by any organization in BC, Canada, or the United States.

  26. BCnet Firsts • Connection to NSFnet • BC connection to CA*net • IP over Broadband CATV in BC • T1 IP backbone in BC • Ubiquity T1 backbone • ISDN service • 38Ghz T1/T3 service

  27. BCnet Organization • Board of Directors (SFU,UBC,UVic) • General Manager • Office Support • Network Information Centre (NIC) • Network Management Centre (NMC)

  28. BCnet NMC • Technical Support • 24x7 Monitoring and Assistance • IP Veterans • Main core at UBC, with added support by UVic and SFU

  29. BCnet & CA*net Today • BCnet • 120 sites • 8 TB/mo • OC3 ATM backbone • Multihomed to Bell Canada, Starcom, and soon to BCTel • Houses the BC Gigapop for CA*net3, and the BCIX • Tail sites using T1, ISDN, long haul ethernet over ATM, and FR • CA*net3 • OC3 ATM backbone connected to the STARTAP and I2 • OC48 WDM backbone next FY

  30. Clients SFU Colleges/Clients Ubiquity UVic SFUHC Bell AT&T BCIX UBC Clients ITSD BCnet Topology

  31. BCnet Services/Servers • Dedicated Connections • DNS • News • Email gateway • MBONE • Real Audio/Video • Videoconferencing Servers

  32. Planned Services • Web Caching Servers • Internet Telephony • QoS-based contracts • Expanded RF facilities • Colocation facilities

  33. Current R&D Activities • Gigapop • BCIX • BCOIC • Projects

  34. CA*net3

  35. CA*net3

  36. General Connectivity in BC

  37. BC Gigapop • 2 Nortel Networks BCNs (Tier A/B routers) and a Baystack switch • Fore ASX 1000 • University and Ca*net2 155Mbps networks converge at an ATM switch • Will be upgraded to Gigabit Ethernet connection to CA*net3 soon • Use of segregation (separate routers) and filtering to implement CANARIE AUPs

  38. CA*net3 Locations in BC

  39. BCIX • Second exchange point in Canada (the other is CANIX in Toronto) • An open exchange point, unlike CANIX • Currently: BCTel, Starcom, Group Telecom, Westel, Internet Direct, Rogers @Home • Coming: Bell, UUNET Canada, Netcom, Shaw @Home • Uses OC3 ATM for bilateral/multilateral arrangements (Fore ASX 1000)

  40. BCIX History • Started as a BCTel/BCnet joint venture • Now is an independent entity modelled after other local Ixs • Cheap and flexible

  41. Harbour Centre - An Internet Meet-Me Point • Harbour Centre is the Internet crossroads in Vancouver • Better than a CO - everyone has access. Simple to cross-connect at P1. • Building-supplied motor generator backup • Many facilities providers are located in HC • Web Farms • ISPs • Carriers • Consultants/IT groups/Govt Offices • Currently used as a major CanTel cell phone relay, and can be used for wireless applications.

  42. BCOIC • Consortium to steer BCnet in the construction of an ‘all optical’ regional network. • Members: universities and institutes, Electronic Arts, Nortel, Fore Systems, PMC Sierra, Siara Systems, and others • To facilitate the growth of Internet technologies, not merely a service testing ground for carriers

  43. BC Optical Regional Advanced Network • Will hopefully be CANARIE funded, with provincial support • An RFI is being put together for the infrastructure by Deloitte and Touche • Comes on the heels of an unsuccessful CFI proposal • Expect to see partnerships form - ie, buy IRUs for strands of fibre • Use of MAN WDM gear

  44. A high-speed fiber optic network will foster growth in many fields: Remote medical diagnostics Data mining for hypotheses Computerized modeling Virtual design and architecture Interactive multimedia communications The world of research has changed: Solitary endeavours have evolved to multi-disciplinary, multi-institutional collaborative efforts. Exciting new opportunities are appearing in bio-medical, historical, and environmental research. Research is expanding: from local, to regional, to national, to international. Creating new possibilities... …for research …for technology …for economic growth Investments in technology support greater economic growth than comparable investments in traditional infrastructure projects, such as roads and highways. ISP The ISP industry has grown to over $200 million per year in revenues, and it has created over 3000 jobs in BC since 1994. Internet development Related and indirect revenues far exceed the revenues generated by ISPs alone. The IT sector is estimated to contribute 1.2% to Canada’s GDP. e-commerce IT infrastructure "The knowledge, information, data and services travelling the Information Highway ... [are] forming the life-blood of the knowledge-based economy.” - [Source: Information Highway Advisory Council]

  45. Without an expanded high-tech infrastructure, we may fail to attract and retain the leading researchers and high-tech companies to BC. BC: advancing into the information age Highly qualified personnel have the luxury of choosing where to work: Infrastructure is a key component of this decision State-of-the-art technology is strong attraction, and can help overcome the challenges created by higher taxes and lower salaries “The Information Highway heralds profound technological and social change, challenging society to revisit fundamental assumptions about how our economy will function.” [Source: Jobs and Growth in the Knowledge-Based Economy, Industry Canada] “Technology and information are the sectors of the economy where we’re going to see the most growth.” [Source: Jobs and Growth in the Knowledge-Based Economy, Industry Canada] “If Canada does not create the products and services for the Information Highway, they will be created elsewhere, and we will not reap the spillover effects of a new economic base.” - [Source: Jobs and Growth in the Knowledge-Based Economy, Industry Canada]

  46. Creating capacity for future growth “Data traffic volumes continue to grow exponentially.” ! • Internet data volume is expected to double every 9 months • Technologies such as IP telephony and high speed home and office connections are creating demand for ever increasing bandwidth. • Bandwidth prices in Canada are 3 - 4 times those in the U.S. • This cost is strangling growth and innovation in British Columbia. • BCnet’s initiative can drive down these costs, minimizing this issue for our critical users. ! “If the Internet is not congested, the marginal cost of sending an extra packet is essentially zero. However, when the network is operating at near capacity, bandwidth becomes a scarce resource. Congestion can impose a social cost, reflecting delays, interruptions and lost information.” [Source: Jobs and Growth in the Knowledge-Based Economy, Industry Canada]

  47. The Next Network • Fibre to the home • IP over light/WDM • De-layering of protocols (and of the business??)

  48. Hot R&D Areas • Routing and policies • Route Management Project (BCIT) • Quality of Service • I2 QBONE and Bandwidth Broker Project • Multicast • Security • Fast routing

  49. The World of ISPs • Currently dialup providers • Moving to service providers • servers • ecommerce • Cable access and deregulation the toughest problem

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