کارگاه آشنايی با مبانی و شاخص‌های علم‌سنجی: H-Index و محاسبه آن

1. کارگاه آشنايی با مبانی و شاخص‌های علم‌سنجی: H-Index و محاسبه آن برگزار کننده‌گان: معاونت تحقيقات و فن‌آوری وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی، با همکاری دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران

2. آشنايی با مبانی و شاخص‌های علم‌سنجی:H-Index و محاسبه آن Payam Kabiri, MD. PhD. Epidemiologist Tehran & IsfahanUniversities of Medical Sciences

3. برنامه امروز ! • اطلاع‌سنجی و علم‌سنجی، مفاهيم و کاربرد • معرفی خلاصه شاخص‌های علم‌سنجی • آشنايی با نمايه‌نامه‌های استنادی • معرفی شاخص H-Index • مزايا و معايب H-Index • روش‌های محاسبه H-Index • کار عملی

4. Scientometrics (bibliometrics) • Scientometrics (bibliometrics) - The measurement of scientific output activity through statistics on academic publications • The scope of bibliometrics includes: “all quantitative aspects and models of science communication, storage, dissemination and retrieval of scientific information”.

5. تعريف علم‌سنجی • آن دسته از روش‌های کمّی را که به تحليل علم بعنوان يک فرآيند اطلاعاتی تأکيد دارند ”علم سنجی“ می‌نامند. • ”علم سنجی“ به تعبيری ساده تر عبارت است از دانش اندازه‌گير علم.

6. Scientometrics informetrics bibliometrics scientometrics cybermetrics webometrics

7. Bibliometric dataused for.. • Scientific output evaluation • Impact • Citations • History of science • Publication strategies • Science policy; resource allocation • Collection management • Sociology of science • Information organization • Information management & utilization

8. applied Scientometrics basic Links of bibliometrics with related research fields and application services Science policy Scientific information Research management Librarianship Services for Research in Economics Sociology of science History of science Library and Information Science Life sciences Informetrics Mathematics/Physics Webometrics

9. Why do we evaluate scientific output International • Grant Allocations • Policy Decisions • Benchmarking • Promotion • Collection management • Funding allocations • Research National Institutional Faculty SPLIT IN NEEDS SPLIT IN NEEDS Researchers

10. Scientists Ranking Methods • Evaluation of scientists by “experts” • e.g., surveys • Citation Analysis • Task: Compute a score for the “objects” • Hybrid method of previous two

11. 3 Kinds of Citation Data Indexes Articles • Citation Impact Authors • Number of papers (Quantity) • Number of Citations (Quality) • Average number of citations/article • h-index & g-index (Quantity & Quality Both) Journals • Journal Impact Factor • h-index

13. A Sample of a Sceintometery Report

14. 3 Kinds of Citation Data Articles • Citation Impact Authors • Number of papers (Quantity) • Number of Citations (Quality) • Average number of citations/article • h-index & g-index Quantity & Quality Both) Journals • Journal Impact Factor • h-index

15. ISI Impact Factor A= total cites in 1992 B= 1992 cites to articles published in 1990-91 (this is a subset of A)* C= number of articles published in 1990-91D= B/C = 1992 impact factor

16. Citation Databases • Web of Science • Scopus • Google Scholar

17. Other Tools Available • Other bibliometric indicators: • Journal Citation Reports (JCR) • Other indicators databases (national, essential, university, institutional) • ISIHighlyCited.com

18. WoS and Scopus: Subject Coverage (% of total records) WoS SCOPUS Google Scholar ?

19. Web of Science • Covers around 9,000 journal titles and 200 book series divided between SCI, SSCI and A&HCI. • Electronic back files available to 1900 for SCI and mid- 50s for SSCI and mid-70s for A&HCI. • Very good coverage of sciences; patchy on “softer” sciences, social sciences and arts and humanities. • US and English-language biased. • Full coverage of citations. • Name disambiguation tool. • Limited downloading options.

20. Scopus • Positioning itself as an alternative to ISI • More journals from smaller publishers and open access (+15,000 journals; 750 conf proceedings) • Source data back to 1960. • Excellent for physical and biological sciences; poor for social sciences; does not cover humanities or arts. • Better international coverage (60% of titles are non-US) • Back to 1996 ! (e.g. citation data for the last decade only) • Not “cover to cover” and not up to date • Easy to use in searching for source publications; clumsy in searching cited publications. • Citation tracker works up to 1000 records only. • Limited downloading options.

21. Google Scholar • Better coverage for all citations as it retrieve web ! • More coverage of references also gray literature ! • Coverage and scope? • Inclusion criteria? • Very limited search options • No separate cited author search • Back to 1990 NOT more ! • Free!

22. What is Scopus Database? معرفي بانک اطلاعاتي   (Scopus (Database • پوشش اطلاعاتي بيش از 15200 عنوان مجله • دربرگيرنده بيش از 30 ميليون خلاصه مقاله از 4000 ناشر بزرگ بين‌المللي • دربرگيرنده بيش از 265 ميليون Citation • دربرگيرندهتمامي مجلات نمايه شده در مدلاين

23. What is Scopus? • +15,200 titles from more than 4,000 publishers • +1,000+ Open Access journals • +500 Conference Proceedings • 400M web pages • 21M patents • Repositories • Digital Archives

24. Content Update • 30 million records, of which: • 15 million records include references going back to 1996 • 15 million pre-1996 records go back as far as 1900 • 265 million references, added to records from 1996 onwards • In addition to traditional scientific and academic journals, Scopus covers: • 1000 Open Access journals • 500 Conference Proceedings • 600 Trade Publications • 125 Book Series • Medline (100% coverage) • 275 million quality web sites including 21 million patents from 5 patent offices • UK Patents added to Scirus

25. Focused web information 15,100 titles STM & Social sciences World’sLargestAbstract & CitationDatabase Academic library sources 4,000 publishers What is Scopus? 240 million scholarly Web items, E-prints, theses, dissertations, 13 M patents 15% Elsevier sources 85% other publishers Fastest route to FullText

26. Valuable archive included 1966 • Abstract30 million • +1.1 million per year • Cited References • 265 million • 10 years • + 25 million each year • Currency • Updated daily 1996 2006 15,100 current journal sources

27. 2,700 2,500 4,500 5,900 Scopus Coverage15,100 Unique titles Chemistry Physics Engineering Biological Agricultural Environmental Life & Health (100% Medline) Social Sciences Psychology Economics

28. 6872 5336 1390 189 198 251 International distribution of titles 806

29. Geographical spread of Scopus content

30. Iranian Titles indexed in Scopus

31. Scopus for science evaluation Introducing RPM tools Market Feedback & Development Literature Search Bibliometric Tool Development of Scopus IMPLEMENT Launch Scopus • Citation Tracker • Author Identifier • WebCites • PatentCites • h-index • Custom Data • * End 2007 release 2006 2007 2005 2004 STRATEGY

32. Difficulties of Old Criteria • Total number of papers (Quantity) • Total number of citations (Quality) • Average number of citations/article (Deepened on the outliers) • Journal Impact Factor (Discipline based, dependent on the outliers)

33. H-index was born ! • We need an Index both to include quantity & also quality of an authors' paper • Productivity • Impact • Not affected by “big hits” • Not affected by “noise”

34. The h-index • Hirsch, J. E. (2005). An index to quantify an individual's scientific research output. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102(46), 16569-16572. • Meaningful when compared to others within the same discipline area. Researchers in one field may have very different h-indices than researchers in another (e.g. Life Sciences vs. Physics).

35. The h-index • Hirsch, J.E. "an index to quantify an individual's scientific research output". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS). 102(46), 16569-16572 • Available at: http://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0508025

36. The H-index: a definition • ‘The H-index is the highest number of papers a scientist has that have at least that number of citations.’ Nature (2005)

37. What is the h-Index? • Performance measurement tool for scientific authors (similar idea to journal impact factors but for individuals)Established by Jorge Hirsch at UC San Diego “A scientist has index h if h of his/her Np papers have at least h citations each, and the other (Np- h) papers have no more than h citations each.” Source: Hirsch, J. E. (2005, September 29). An index to quantify an individual’s scientific research output. Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0508025

38. The h-index • Definition:A researcher has h-index h if • h of his Np articles have received at least h citations each • the rest Np-h articles have received no more than h citations each

39. H-index Concept through its Graph

40. The h - Graph

41. The h-index • شاخص جديدي از شاخص‌هاي علم‌سنجي است. اين شاخص در سال 2005 ميلادي توسط Jorge Hirsch در دانشگاه کاليفرنيا ابداع شد. اين شاخص در واقع با هدف ارزيابي کيفي اثر و ارزيابي کمي برون‌داد پژوهشي محققين ابداع شده است.

42. The h-index • مفهوم H-Index عبارت است از تعداد مقالات نويسنده که تعداد ارجاعات برابر با h و يا کمتر از آن دارند. مثلا چنان‌چه H-Index محققي 5 باشد، مفهوم آن اين است که اين محقق 5 مقاله منتشر شده دارد که هرکدام حداقل 5 استناد يا Citation دارند. به عبارت ديگر مفهوم آن اين است که ساير مقالات اين محقق کمتر از 5 استناد دارند. • امروزه اين شاخص معادل Impact Factor براي محققين محسوب مي‌شود.

43. Thehighesth-index in the World & Iran • بزرگترين شاخص h در دنيا مربوط به حوزه علوم زيستی برابر با 197 و بزرگترين شاخص h محققان ايران جناب آقای دکتر شمسی پور استاد شيمی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه با عدد hبرابر 33 می باشد.

44. Terminology • Np: total number of papers • Nc,tot: total number of citations • Y(now): present year • Y(i): year of publication of paper i • C(i): set of citations to paper i

45. The h-index A scientist has index h if h of his or her Np papers have at least h citations each and the other ( Np – h ) have at least ≤ h citations each

46. H-index example Author A Author B

47. H-index example Author X has 5 published articles: Article1, citations 5 Article2, citations 10 Article3, citations 100 Article4, citations 6 Article5, citations 4 The H-index of X is 4: there are 4 papers with at least 4 citations each.

48. The h-index • It could be used for an specific Author: • Evaluate the Research Performance of Author • Or could be used for a group of Papers of an institution, department or journal which • Evaluate the Impact of the group of special papers

49. H-index drawbacks • Like impact factors depends on subject area • It is a growing function over time • It does NOT show the current activity or inactivity of the author • Disadvantages younger researchers (without previous track record) • Scientists with short scientific life are out of competition

50. The Contemporary h-index • The Contemporary h-index was proposed by Antonis Sidiropoulos, Dimitrios Katsaros, and Yannis Manolopoulos • It adds an age-related weighting to each cited article, giving less weight to older articles.