J.C Physics

1. J.C Physics

2. Created by the class of…. • 3Br & 3Da • CBS Kilkenny 2012

3. Use simple materials to generate static electricty STATIC ELECTRICTY Build up of charge

4. Method • 1.Rub a plastic biro against the sleeve of your jumper • 2.The biro will pick up small pieces of paper

5. Conclusion • This happens because the pen becomes negatively charged.  Also see page 362 in textbook

6. See page 319 in textbook Conversion of Electrical Energy to Magnetic to Kinetic Energy

7. Method

8. Method • Connect 6 V battery to nail • Wrap wire around nail • Turn on battery • Put nail near paper clips

9. Results • The nail was magnetised. It picked up the paper clips

10. To test electrical conduction in a variety of materials Perspex rod wire A conductor is a material through which an electrical charge can flow.An insulator is a material through which an electrical charge cannot flow.

11. To see if a piece of wire conducts electricity An additional wire is inserted here Result – the light bulb will light up showing that wire is a conductor of electricity Set up the circuit. Connect the wire to the circuit as shown on in the diagram.

12. To see if a Perspex rod conducts electricity Insert a Perspex rod here instead of the wire Result – the light bulb will not light up showing that the Perspex rod is not a conductor of electricity Set up the circuit as before. Replace the wire with a Perspex rod.

13. To Plot the Magnetic Field of a Bar Magnet Equipment:1 Barmagnet,2 Science books ,a Sheet ofplain paper, iron filings . Step 1:Wedge the Bar magnet between the the two books. Step 2:Place the sheet of paper overthe two books .

14. Step 3 ;Sprinkle the iron filings over the sheet and watch for result • Result ; A picture of the magnetic poles should be visibly clear • POD

15. Series & Parallel Circuit What it is…

16. Bulbs are arranged one after another. • If you remove 1 bulb the other won’t work.

17. The current in the battery divides. • Some current passes through one bulb and the rest through the second. • If the bulbs are identical the current equally divides.

19. Examples • Headlights in a car are parallel. • Christmas lights are both series and parallel. • If you remove one bulb and it all goes off then it is a series circuit. • If not then it is a parallel cricuit.

20. Calculating • V = voltage • I = current • R = resistor

21. Amps measured with Ammeter Connect the Battery and the Ammeter together Attach a lamp onto the circuit Observe

22. Measuring Voltage with a voltage meter • 1.Connect the voltage meter , battery and bulb into a circuit • 2. Observe the results on the voltage meter

23. Resistance • Measured using an ohmmeter. • Units= ohms

25. Alternating current (A.C) • A current that is continually changing in direction

26. Domestic Voltage supply • 240 volts

27. The chemical effect of an electric current Is the charging of a phone The magnetic effect of an electric current Is the speaker of a stereo The heating effect of an electric current Is the shower

28. What happens a LDRs resistance measure under varying degrees of light brightness

29. 1.If bright light falls on a LDR the resistance is low . A larger current can flow through the resistor . • 2.If dim light falls on a LDR the resistance is high . A smaller current will now flow through the resistor .

30. 3.Using a LDR you can arrange for an electrical appliance to be controlled by light . In fact,some appliances can be switched on or switched or switched off by simply shining light on the LDR connected to them .

31. Unit of electrical energy = kilo watt-hour {kWh}Name 3 wires in a plug = earth/live/neutral

32. WORK,POWER AND ENERGY Work= force x distance Force= Newtons (N) Distance= Metres (m) Work=joules (J)

33. Sources of energy Advantages + Disadvantages

34. Non-renewable sources of energy Non-renewable sources of energy are sources that will eventually run out another name for them is fossil fuels e.g. Oil + gas etc. Advantages; • Easy to get. • Reasonably cheap. Disadvantages; • Causing greenhouse gas emissions. • Polluting the atmosphere e.g. Acid Rain.

35. Renewable sources of energy Because fossil fuels are finite , we try to improve our efficiency of the renewable sources of energy. Examples; • Solar Energy • Hydro Electricity • Wind Energy • Nuclear Energy

36. Solar Energy Solar energy is taken straight from the rays of the sun. We convert solar energy to electrical energy using Solar Cells. We also convert energy to heat energy using solar panels. Advantages; • Solar energy is free. • Solar energy does not cause pollution. Disadvantages; • The efficiency of solar cells needs to be improved as only a small percentage of energy is converted to electrical energy. • Solar cells are expensive to make.

37. Hydro-Electricity By building a dam in a large river it is possible to build a vast amount of water. This water has potential energy when stored behind the dam wall. When the water is released it becomes kinetic, this kinetic energy is changed into electrical energy Advantages; • Does not cause pollution. • cost efficient way to produce energy. Disadvantages; • Flooding can destroy plant + animal habitats. • Building dams can cause flooding in valleys inhabited by people.

38. Wind Energy On a windy day, the moving air has a large amount of kinetic energy. The idea is to change this kinetic energy to electrical energy. Advantages; • Does not cause pollution. • Wind energy is free. Disadvantages; • No electricity produced on a clam day. • Large propeller masts are noisy and spoil the natural beauty of the countryside.

39. Nuclear Energy Nuclear energy is usually considered as renewable energy. One form, nuclear fission, uses materials like Uranium. Uranium is finite. However another fusion is used with the basic material , water. However the technology for generating electricity from nuclear power is not yet available. Advantages; • Nuclear fusion would use a fuel in plentiful supply. • Nuclear energy would reduce the greenhouse emissions. Disadvantages; • Danger of a nuclear explosion. • Harmful effects of radioactive waste.

40. Other Types of Energy Tidal and Wave Energy; The kinetic energy of the waves and the tide is converted to electrical energy. Geothermal Energy; Heat energy can be trapped beneath the surface of the Earth. This heat can also be used to heat homes or converted to electrical energy. Biomass Energy; Some plants grow very quickly e.g. Sugar Cane. The oil from the plants is converted to alcohol and in cars instead of petrol.

41. SOURCES OF ENERGYPAGE 316 IN YOUR TEXT BOOK BY pierce cody

42. Non-Renewable Sources of Energy Non-renewable sources of energy are sources that will eventually run out. These sources are called fossil fuels for example 1.OIL 2.COAL 3.GAS 4.TURF

43. Advantages and Disadvantages of non-renewable Advantages Easy to get Reasonably cheap Disadvantages Causing greenhouse gas emissions Polluting the atmosphere

44. Renewable sources of energy Fossil fuels will eventually run out. Because of this we try to improve the efficiency of the renewable sources of energy. Examples pf renewable sources of energy include: solar energy hydro-electricity wind energy nuclear energy

45. Example of renewable energy = SOLAR ENERGY Advantages 1. Solar energy is free 2. Solar energy does not cause pollution Disadvantages 1. The efficiency of solar cells needs to be improved 2. Solar cells are expensive to make

46. Converting Light energy to Electrical energy to Kinetic energy By Declan Wall

47. Connect the solar cells to the solar motor • Shine light from the lamp onto the solar cells • See page 320 in text book

48. Conclusion • The light energy from the lamp was converted to electrical in the solar cells which was converted to kinetic energy in the moving fan

49. APPLICATIONS OF LEVERS Levers are designed to lift objects with less effort than you would have on your own. Modern day uses for levers are in some cranes and heavy machinery.

50. EFFORT The effort is where the lever gets its input. For example, on a tweezers, the part you push down on is the effort.