1 / 17

Commensalism & Mutualism

Commensalism & Mutualism. BIOL/BOT 160 – Ecology. Commensalism. One species gains a benefit from another but does not harm the other. Very hard to prove!. http://www.bigsurcalifornia.org/images2/graywhl.jpg. http://www.scubaduba.com/gallery/shark2.jpg.

rachelm
Download Presentation

Commensalism & Mutualism

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Commensalism & Mutualism BIOL/BOT 160 – Ecology

  2. Commensalism • One species gains a benefit from another but does not harm the other. • Very hard to prove! http://www.bigsurcalifornia.org/images2/graywhl.jpg http://www.scubaduba.com/gallery/shark2.jpg

  3. http://academic.evergreen.edu/g/goefre12/symbiosis/commensals.htmhttp://academic.evergreen.edu/g/goefre12/symbiosis/commensals.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Pinnotheres_pisum.jpg http://www.amonline.net.au/collections/marineinverts/record.cfm?id=128 http://www.elkhornslough.org/critters/fatworm.htm Urechis caupo (Fat Inkeeper) • Commensal species • Permanent • Pea crab (Scleroplax granulata) • Scale worm (Hesperonoe adventor) • Clam (Cryptomya sp.) • Temporary • Goby (Clevelandia ios)

  4. Mutualism • Both species benefit • Mycorrhizae http://www.avtreefarm.com/bacterium/pic/treated.jpg From Smith and Smith: Ecology & Field Biology http://www.avtreefarm.com/bacterium/mycorrhizae.htm

  5. Mutualism • Ants and Acacia http://nwiassoc.com/resources/SCHALB_YARD_DSC_7758+web.jpg http://web.viu.ca/belize/images/invert%20images/small_acacia_ants.JPG http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/news/65F37EE1-AB0A-E264-F43583CD3E8E381C_1.jpg

  6. Mutualism Protection Food • What benefit does the plant get? • What benefits to the ants get? http://www.morning-earth.org/Graphic-E/INTERLIVE/Images-Interliving/inter_ant-nectary.jpg

  7. Mutualism • Coral Reefs Why would corals need a symbiont? = http://www.ri.net/schools/West_Warwick/manateeproject/ocean/images/zooplankton1.jpg Only 10% of their diet! http://www.destination360.com/north-america/us/california/deserts

  8. Mutualism • Coral Reefs Zooxanthellae http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/01-zooxanthellae.jpg http://hypnea.botany.uwc.ac.za/phylogeny/classif/images/newpoyps.jpg

  9. Mutualism • Coral Reefs • One of the reasons why corals need shallow water Zooxanthellae http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/01-zooxanthellae.jpg http://hypnea.botany.uwc.ac.za/phylogeny/classif/images/newpoyps.jpg

  10. Mutualism • Coral Reefs • Allows a rich and diverse ecosystem http://www.edugraphics.net/ga7-wildlife/images/coral_reef_widlife_poster2.jpg

  11. Mutualism • Flowers and bees http://www.hickerphoto.com/data/media/185/wild-flowers_12981.jpg

  12. Mutualism • Allows increased fitness for both symbionts • Drives co-evolution

  13. Not always beneficial Nutrient poor soils Nutrient rich soils Mycorrhizae http://www.avtreefarm.com/bacterium/pic/treated.jpg http://www.avtreefarm.com/bacterium/pic/treated.jpg Mycorrhizae

  14. Mutualism types Lichens Ant Acacia • Obligate symbiotic • Physically intertwined and can’t exist independently • Obligate non-symbiotic • Are not physically intertwined but need each other to survive. http://web.viu.ca/belize/images/invert%20images/small_acacia_ants.JPG http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/332/Lichens/Foliose_lichen_130_d.gif

  15. Mutualism types Rye grass • Non Obligate Acremonium http://fcn.agronomy.psu.edu/FCNpics/annualRyegrass.jpg http://www.skrewtips.com/img/sick_cow.jpg http://www.teepeeheart.onlinehome.de/cattle.jpg http://www.mycology.adelaide.edu.au/gallery/hyaline_moulds/acremonium01.gif

  16. Might parasites evolve to commensalism and then mutualism? Tapeworm http://incogman.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/brown-rat1.jpg http://cal.vet.upenn.edu/projects/parasit06/paralab/labs/6_41.gif

  17. Might parasites evolve to commensalism and then mutualism? E. coli http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/everyday/agriculture/images/e_coli.jpg http://lifespotlight.com/images/2008/08/digestive-tract.gif

More Related