Introducing the Model 602 Beta PLUS Dual-Channel Particulate Monitor

1. Introducing the Model 602BetaPLUS Dual-Channel Particulate Monitor San Diego, California 4 February, 2010

2. What is the Model 602? • The Model 602 is a dual-channel, 14C Beta Gauge with less than 100 μCi. • It uses cartridge filters as opposed to a filter tape. • The sample time is nominally 1 hour. But, it can be modified for other averages (up to 72 hours). • The autonomy period is 15 days (worst case) and 48 days (nominal) • The system operates at ambient temperature and humidity. • Virtually any operating parameter is available from RS232 or using the optional internal modem. • Internal modem can dial telephone numbers if any warning occurs.

3. What is the Model 602? • Really, the Model 602, in it’s typical configuration, is two instruments in one: • A PM10 Beta Guage • A PM2.5 Beta Guage

4. What is the Model 602? In the 24-48-72-hour mode, it is four instruments in one: A PM10 Beta Guage A PM2.5 Beta Guage A PM10 Sampler A PM2.5 Sampler

5. What is the Model 602? • The analyzer has three pumps. • Two sample pumps • Compressor to operate the filter changer Sample Pump Compressor

6. Certifications • The instrument has “EuroNorm” certification under… • EN12341-1999 (PM10) • EN14907-2005 (PM2.5) • TAPI is conducting US EPA certification tests (Summer 2010).

7. Philosophy • The Model 602 is designed to isolate and counteract the known causes of uncertainty in a β attenuation measurement. • Flow uncertainty • Detector performance • Humidity • Sample density • Semi-volatile deposition “boil-off” • Background radiation

8. Why is the Model 602 called a BetaPLUS ? Because it is the best, most accurate dust monitor ever built. Period.

9. Why is the Model 602 called a BetaPLUS ? • Complete air density analysis. • Benefit: Eliminates the uncertainty related to the quantification of “cubic meters” and flow errors. • Complete detector performance analysis. • Benefit: Uncertainties in detector performance, leading to false concentrations, are eliminated. • “Spy” filter. • Benefit: Completely eliminated biases due to moisture in the sample. Provides a zero reference. • Simultaneous PM2.5 and PM10 measurements. • Benefit: “Two-for-one”

10. Complete flow and air density analysis • The analyzer continuously controls and corrects for actual volumetric flow. It compares the measured flow (transfer standard) to the calculated flow and gives an accuracy figure continuously. • Benefit: The flow through the filter does not change. • The analyzer uses the inlet pressure and inlet temperature to correct for the flow through the inlet. • Benefit: PM10 and PM2.5 heads do not “over sample” or “under-sample”

11. Complete flow and air density analysis • A direct flow measurement is also made using a ΔP across a flow meter. This is applied to a correction factor continuously. The flow is controlled to +1% of the set point. • Benefit: Active flow controller, unlike “passive” critical orifices, which are dependent on atmospheric pressure.

12. Complete flow and air density analysis • The unit performs an automatic leak check. • Benefit:Insures the filter seal is intact. • The analyzer compares the filter pressure drop, the pump pressure and the atmospheric pressure, so that Pa>Pf>Pp. • Benefit: Insures that the pressure sensors themselves are working properly.

13. Complete flow and air density analysis • The unit performs an automatic “Span Test” which compares a transfer flow standard with the instrument’s measured flow. • Benefit:Insures the calculated flow rate is correct.

14. V μ ln ( ) m = Фi Фf Quick Review • The basic Beta Attenuation Equation (Lenard’s Law): Where, m is the mass V is the volume of air μ is the beta coefficient Φi is the “blank” count Φf is the “collected” count

15. Complete detector performance analysis • The instrument does the equivalent of an “auto-zero” before every measurement cycle. This is accomplished by doing a count with no filter present. Φi (corr) = Фi - Фdark

16. Complete detector performance analysis • After each sampling cycle, the analyzer corrects for ambient radiation (such as Radon) by inserting an aluminum shield between the 14C source and the filter. Φf (corr) = Фf - Фnat

17. Complete detector performance analysis • Detector stability is continuously measured. Should the detector count rate deviate from the theoretical decay rate, an alarm is given. • Long-term detector stability is analyzed by comparing “air counts” (without flow) of sequential measurement cycles. If drift is excessive, an alarm is given. • The detector HVPS is monitored for ripple and/or drift. If the HVPS deviates by more than 2%, the analyzer gives an alarm message. • A dynamic span check is accomplished at the beginning of each cycle, using a thin sheet of aluminum to simulate a dust load.

18. “Spy” filter • A small filter, with no flow through it (hence, no dust load), at ambient conditions, is analyzed before and after a measurement cycle. • Benefit: Any water condensation that could affect the dust analysis is measured and subsequently subtracted off of the resulting mass concentration.

19. Model 602 Operation • The Model 602 uses a carousel of filters. • There is also a movable arm which has the detector and β source.

20. Model 602 Operation Carousel The Carousel rotates to position the filters.

21. Model 602 Operation Sample Tubes Sample tubes bring the unheated sample from the outdoors.

22. Model 602 Operation Filters 47 mm Filters can be glass fiber, quartz, or PTFE (24 hr. mode) or glass fiber (1 hour mode)

23. Model 602 Operation Source/Detector Assembly The source/detector assembly is on a swinging arm.

24. Model 602 Operation Spy Filters There are three spy filters on the carousel.

25. Model 602 Operation • Filters are added/removed from the carousel by means of a “loader” and “unloader” respectively.

26. Model 602 Operation • Filters are easily mounted in their cartridges.

27. Model 602 Operation • Filters are easily mounted in their cartridges.

28. ItemHourly ModeMulti-Mode Sampling Period 1 Hour 8-12-24-48-72 Hours Filter Cartridges 47 mm dia. 47 mm dia. Spot Size 1 to 1.8 cm²2.54, 5.2, 7.07, 11.95 cm² Filter Media Quartz, Glass Quartz, Glass, PTFE Filter Capacity 96 Cartridges Range Up to 10 mg/m3 Flow Rate 16.7 LPM Flow Accuracy + 1% Flow Stability + 0.5% (Typical) Flow Control Servo-Controlled Valve Weight 64 kg. (141 lbs.) Power Consumption 1200 W Model 602 Specifications

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36. Price $55,000 …ready to sample

37. Target Market • We will continue to try to get the price down and (of course) get US EPA certification. Until then, we are targeting • Universities • Reference Laboratories • Research Laboratories • Other Critical-Measurement Users • Situations where we can manage the specifications • Situations where there is a spec for PM10 and PM2.5

38. Availability Now* *meaning……..