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Phonetics

Phonetics. Class # 2 Chapter 6. Consonants – Place of articulation. Bilabial Labiodental Interdental Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal. Consonants – Manner of articulation. Stop Fricative Affricate Nasal Liquid Glide. Consonants - Voice. Voiced Voiceless. Consonants - Review.

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Phonetics

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  1. Phonetics Class # 2 Chapter 6

  2. Consonants – Place of articulation • Bilabial • Labiodental • Interdental • Alveolar • Palatal • Velar • Glottal

  3. Consonants – Manner of articulation • Stop • Fricative • Affricate • Nasal • Liquid • Glide

  4. Consonants - Voice • Voiced • Voiceless

  5. Consonants - Review • Voiceless velar stop • Voiced labiodental fricative • Voiced palatal affricate • Voiced palatal glide • Voiced velar nasal • Voiceless interdental fricative

  6. Vowels • Different from consonants • A lot more variation (different dialects) • Vowels carry pitch and loudness: you can sing them. • Vowel sounds can ‘stand alone.’ • Described by tongue height and backness • Also by rounding and tense/lax

  7. Vowels • Number of vowels in American English: • 15 • Two types of vowels: • Simple vowels (12):monophthongs • No noticeable change in quality during their articulation: • [i]: beat [I]: bit • [e]: bait [ɛ ]: bet • [u]: lose [U]: put • [o]: boat [ɔ]: thought • [æ]: cat [a]: car • [ʌ ]: cut [ə]: suppose

  8. Vowels • Two types of vowels: • Diphthongs (3): • Vowels that exhibit a change in quality within a single syllable; • They are made up of two sounds • In English, the change in quality is due to tongue movement away from the initial vowel articulation toward a glide position • [aj]: buy, ice • [aw]: cow, now • [ɔj]: boy

  9. Describing vowels Tense: i, e, u, o, aj , aw, ɔj Lax: I, ɛ, ə, ʌ, ɔ, æ, a, U

  10. Describing vowels • Four aspects of vowels for simple vowels: • Tongue height: • Raising or lowering the body of the tongue • [i]: beat; [I]: bit • [u]: boot; [U]: put • High (4): the front part of the tongue is high in the mouth; • [æ]: cat [a]: pot • Low (2) • [ə ]: sofa [ʌ ]: cut • [e]: late; [ɛ ]: let • [ɔ ]: law [o]: boat; • Mid (6): tongue is raised to a position midway b/w the high and low vowels.

  11. Describing vowels • Tongue backness (part of the tongue involved): advancing or retracting the body of the tongue • Front (5): • [i]: beet [I]: bit • [e]: late [ɛ ]: bet • [æ]: cat • Central (2): • [ə ]: sofa [ʌ ]: cut • Back (5): • [u]: boot [U]: put • [o]: boat [ɔ ]: law [a]: bomb

  12. Describing vowels • lip rounding: whether lips are rounded or spread. • Rounded (4): [u, U, o, ɔ] • Unrounded (8): • [i]: beet [I]: bit • [e]: late [ɛ ]: bet • [æ]: cat • [ə ]: sofa [ʌ ]: cut • [a]: bomb

  13. Describing vowels • Tenseness: • Duration and tension of the tongue muscles: • Tense (4): produced with greater tension of the tongue muscles and often longer in duration; • [i, e, u, o] • Lax (8): produced with less tension of the tongue muscles and often shorter in duration. • 8: [I, ɛ, ə, ʌ, ɔ, æ, a, U,]

  14. Describing vowels Ex.: Describe the following vowels (5) • [i] • [e] • [U] • [o] • [ɛ ] References: • [i]: a high front unrounded tense vowel • [e]: a mid front unrounded tense vowel • [U]: a high back rounded lax vowel • [o]: a mid back rounded tense vowel • [ɛ ]: a mid front unrounded lax vowel

  15. Transcription – Vowels • beat about • lose late • buy boat • but boy • bit cat • put let • cow hot

  16. Practice – Transcribe the words • Tog peel • Kid stun • Attain Oscar • Despise cooler • Elbow sigh • Juice explode • Clinical remove

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