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Separation Mixtures

Separation Mixtures. NEXT. Separation of Mixtures. We can separate mixture, why? -> In a mixture, some substances combine physically and there no reaction between the substances. Separation of Mixtures based on physical properties. Filtration Chromatography Distillation Evaporation

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Separation Mixtures

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  1. Separation Mixtures NEXT

  2. Separation of Mixtures • We can separate mixture, why? -> In a mixture, some substances combine physically and there no reaction between the substances. Separation of Mixtures based on physical properties • Filtration • Chromatography • Distillation • Evaporation • Decantation and Centrifugation • Crystallization • Separator funnel • Sublimation

  3. Filtration • This is a technique used to separate mixtures of an insoluble solid and a liquid. • What is filtrate? • What is residue? • EXAMPLES: • Sand and water • Broken glass and water • Chalk suspensions and water • Etc.

  4. Chromatography • Separating substances by chromatography is based on the difference of the creeping speed(kecepatanmerambat) of many substances in a certain medium. • It is mostly applied in identifying mixtures that are coloured or pigments. PLAY Chromatography.avi

  5. Simple Distillation • Based on the differences of its boiling point. • Distillation technique can be done by heating and cooling it off • E.g separate pure water from sea water so that it can be used for drinking water.

  6. Fractional distillation • This is the technique used to separate a mixture of liquids with different boiling points. • Examples: Gasoline is produced from crude oil using fractional distillation. PLAY Fractional Distillation

  7. Evaporation • Evaporation is separating substances by heated • Example: - salt from seawater

  8. Decantation This is achieved by carefully pouring a solution from a container in order to leave the precipitate (sediments) in the bottom of the original container. • rapidly rotate a liquid/solid mixture, causing solid to sediment at bottom of tube. Precipitate = endapan • Centrifugation

  9. Separator funnel • This techniques is based on the substance’s density characteristic • Example: Separating water and oil

  10. Sublimation • Sublimation is a process of changing solid substance into gas or the other way around. Some sublimable substances are benzoic, iodine, and caffeine.

  11. Question • What is a mixture? • Give three ways of separating a mixture. • What kind of mixtures can you separate using the filtration method? • Give an example of a mixture you can separate using the fractional distillation method.

  12. Answers • It is a substance made up of two or more substances which are physically combined. • Filtration, Chromatography and Distillation. • Mixtures of an insoluble substance and a liquid. • Ethanol and water.

  13. Question • How do you get pure water from seawater? • You are design a water filter which uses sand, gravels and cowlick. Draw a diagram of your design.

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