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L23B: Sociolinguistics 2005-2006

L23B: Sociolinguistics 2005-2006. Please Turn off all cellular phones & pagers. L23B Website: www.mona.uwi.edu/dllp/courses/l23 b. Course Assessment. Incourse Test (40% of total grade) TEST DATE: MONDAY, APRIL 3, 2006 (2-4pm) Final Exam (60% of total grade). Topics for this Session.

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L23B: Sociolinguistics 2005-2006

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  1. L23B: Sociolinguistics 2005-2006 Please Turn off all cellular phones & pagers L23B Website: www.mona.uwi.edu/dllp/courses/l23b

  2. Course Assessment • Incourse Test (40% of total grade) TEST DATE: MONDAY, APRIL 3, 2006 (2-4pm) • Final Exam (60% of total grade)

  3. Topics for this Session • Brief Review • Language Change cont’d • Theories

  4. Language change in progress Examples of Researches • Chambers & Trudgill (1980) • Labov’s work - Martha’s Vineyard –Wardhaugh (pg.197) • Trudgill’s work in Norwich

  5. Martha’s Vineyard • Variables (Diphthongs): (aw) variable – [a] vs. [] eg. house, out (ay) variable – [a] vs. [] eg. While, pie, night

  6. Martha’s Vineyard Labov’s findings: • change initiated by fisherman [occupation] • change was picked up and imitated particular by people aged 30-45 [age] • change more typical in Chilmark [residence].

  7. Language Change Related to: • Age • Social Class • Gender

  8. Women’s language (Lakoff, Cameron) • Lexical hedges & Fillers • Tag questions • Rising Tones on Declaratives • Empty adjectives • Precise Colour terms • Intensifiers • Over-use of Standard, Polite terms

  9. THEORIES developed to account for variation & change Social Networks Accommodation Theory Acts of Identity Ideology & language use

  10. Sources • 1.Social Network Prescribed Text ch. 16, Wardhaugh (pg.127-130, 180-183), Holmes (pg.183-191). • 2.Acts of Identity LePage (on reserve), Prescribed Text ch. 20. • 3.Accommodation Theory Prescribed Text ch. 18, Holmes (pg. 230-234). • 4. Language and Ideology Prescribed Text ch. 6, Woolard (available at DITTO).

  11. Social Networks Lesley Milroy research in Ireland (1980) Clonard, Hammer & Ballymacarret • geographically defined • industrial/residential areas • non-standard would be the norm

  12. Milroy - Ireland • Milroy wanted to find out if informants were: (a) members of a working club group? (b) had any relatives living in the community? (c) worked similar places with at least 2 members of the community?

  13. Networks 2 main distinctions: • Networks can be Dense (closed) or sparse (open) • Network ties may be multiplex or uniplex

  14. Networks • close knit networks will create value for variety of network • close knit networks will create a counter balance/ “resistance” • those with loose network ties will be more susceptible to change • gender difference –in language production hence difference in networks.

  15. Social Networks MILROY & MILROY (1992) • network strength “to the extent that ties are strong, linguistic change will be prevented, whereas to the extent that they are weak, they will be more open to external influences and so linguistic change will be facilitated”

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