THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH

1. THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH Article II http://www.valpo.edu/library/govdocs/pics/presseal.gif

2. Who is in the Executive Branch? • What does the Executive Branch do? • Who is the most important official? • What is the role of the President? http://whitehouse.blogs.foxnews.com/files/2009/09/Obama-Cabinet.jpg

3. WHAT ELSE DO WE CALL THE PREZ? • Chief of State • Chief Executive • Chief Diplomat • Commander in Chief • Chief of Party • Chief Citizen • May give Executive Order over all Departments http://www.nation.co.ke/image/view/-/631340/medRes/91151/-/maxw/600/-/hbiqju/-/WAS401_USA-_0727_11.jpg

4. The President • 20th day of January following the election • 4 yr. term • Limit is 2 terms (22nd Amendment) • Exception to the rule? • Qualifications? • Natural born citizen • 35 yrs. old • Resident of U.S. for at least 14 yrs. *What is the President’s salary? Vice President?

5. Vacancy? • VP • Speaker of the House • President Pro-Tempore of Senate • Secretary of State • Secretary of Treasury • Secretary of Defense • Attorney General • Secretary of the Interior • Secretary of Agriculture • Secretary of Commerce • Secretary of Labor • Secretary of Health and Human Services • Secretary of Housing and Urban Development • Secretary of Transportation • Secretary of Energy • Secretary of Education? AD • Secretary of Veterans Affairs • Secretary of Homeland Security http://www.wbal.com/blogs/wykoff/uploaded_images/Vice-President-Seal-2-751050.jpg http://www.phy.duke.edu/research/photon/qoptics/funding/doe.gif http://www.columbia.edu/cu/psychology/metcalfe/Non-People%20Pics/USdepartofed1.gif http://theredsign.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/hud.jpg

6. Foreign Affairs • Conducts negotiations relating to U.S. foreign affairs; • Grants and issues passports to American citizens and exequaturs to foreign consuls in the United States; • Appoints U.S. ambassadors, ministers, consuls, and other diplomatic representatives; • Advises the acceptance, recall, and dismissal of the representatives of foreign governments; • Negotiates, interprets, and terminates treaties and agreements; • Ensures the protection of the U.S. Government to American citizens, property, and interests in foreign countries; • Supervises the administration of U.S. immigration laws abroad; • Provides information to American citizens regarding the political, economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian conditions in foreign countries; • Informs the Congress and American citizens on the conduct of U.S. foreign relations; • Promotes beneficial economic prosperities between the United States and other countries; • Secretary of State http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2008/07/24/obama1.jpg http://www.latintelligence.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/Calderon_Obama.jpg

7. Domestic and Military Administration • Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces (including state militias) • * Rations? • *Send troops? • -48 hours notice to Congress • -60 day limit by Congress • -Congress can end troop advancement at any time • -Examples? Vietnam, Iraq • 2. Budget (Congressional approval) • THE PRESIDENT'S BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 2011 • Having steered the economy back from the brink of a depression, the Administration is committed to moving the Nation from recession to recovery by sparking job creation to get millions of Americans back to work and building a new foundation for the long-term prosperity for all American families. To do this, the 2011 Budget makes critical investments in the key areas that will help to reverse the decline in economic security that American families have experienced over the past decade with investments in education, clean energy, infrastructure, and innovation. • But even as we meet the challenge of the recession and work to build an economy that works for all American families, we must also change the way Washington does business – ending programs that don’t work, streamlining those that do, cracking down on special interest access, and bringing a new responsibility to how tax dollars are spent.  The President’s Budget takes the steps to help jumpstart job creation, works to strengthen the economic security of American families, and makes the tough choices to put our Nation back on the path to fiscal responsibility. http://www.ci.sparks.nv.us/governing/budget101/images/money_scale.jpg

8. How much power does the President have as Commander-in-Chief? • War powers must be divided establishing an equal balance of power • Situations of intense conflict in Korea and Vietnam • Concerns about the Presidential abilities to use the armed forces to intensify a conflict without the knowledge or approval Congress began to emerge

9. http://teacher.scholastic.com/scholasticnews/indepth/upfront/features/index.asp?article=f040207_War_Powershttp://teacher.scholastic.com/scholasticnews/indepth/upfront/features/index.asp?article=f040207_War_Powers

10. War Powers Act • Passed both House and Senate • Vetoed by Nixon • 2/3 vote overrode the veto • November 7, 1973 • Resolution • President can send U.S. armed forces into action only by authorization of Congress or if the United States is already under attack or serious threat. • Notify Congress within 48 hours of committing armed forces to military action • Cannot remaining for more than 60 days, with a further 30 day withdrawal period, without an authorization or declaration of war. • Does not say what Congress can do if the President does not comply • Suspend troops • Override a Presidential veto

11. WAR POWERS SCENARIO GROUP WORK http://www.fas.org/man/crs/RL32267.html#_1_15

12. IMPORTANT CRITERIA 1. It is generally agreed that the Commander in Chief role gives the President power to repel attacks against the United States and makes him responsible for leading the armed forces. 2. Requires the President to furnish such other information as Congress may request to fulfill its responsibilities relating to committing the nation to war. 3. Notify Congress within 48 hours of committing armed forces to military action • Cannot remain for more than 60 days, with a further 30 day withdrawal period, without an authorization or declaration of war. • Does not say what Congress can do if the President does not comply • Suspend troops • Override a Presidential veto 4. Congress shall have the power to make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution, not only its own powers but also all other powers vested by the Constitution in the Government of the United States...." 5. The policy that the powers of the President as Commander in Chief are to introduce U.S. armed forces into situations of hostilities or imminent hostilities "are exercised only consequently/following to -- (1) a declaration of war, (2) specific statutory authorization, or (3) a national emergency created by attack upon the United States, its territories or possessions, or its armed forces."

13. Legislation • May call both houses of Congress into a special session • Veto Power! Does what he thinks is best for America based on his campaign promises • Informs Congress of the needs, and his view of progress through the State of the Union address http://standupforamerica.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/state-of-the-union-star.jpg

14. Appointment in Federal Courts • Appoints: judges, cabinet members, advisors, department heads (approved by Senate Judiciary Committee) • Supreme Court justices and court of appeals and district judges • Supportive of the political party • It currently authorizes 179 court of appeals judgeships and 678 district court judgeships. http://www.library.unt.edu/govinfo/assets/images/judicialorg.gif

15. Judicial Functions • Grant pardons (Clemency in federal cases) • Exception: impeachment • U.S. Pardon Attorney • Petition • At least 5 yrs. after the date of release from confinement or after the date of conviction • Only to violations in United States law http://laist.com/attachments/lindsayrebecca/Obama_turkey_pardon.jpg

16. The President’s Cabinet • 15 Departments (GW had 4: state, war, treasury, and attorney general) ** Let’s play a game! See if you know the Department of….

17. Department of _________ carries out a war. DEFENSE Bob Gates http://allisonkilkenny.files.wordpress.com/2008/12/robert-gates21.jpg

18. Department of ____________ can coin money. Treasury Timothy Geithner http://forexblog.oanda.com/mserve/US_Treasury_Geithner.jpeg

19. Department of ____________ is in charge of the Coast Guard. Homeland Security Janet Napolitano http://buelahman.files.wordpress.com/2008/12/janetnapolitano.jpg

20. Department of ____________ will help settle a strike. Labor Hilda Solis http://www.opensecrets.org/news/Cong_Hilda_Solis.225100028_std.jpg

21. Department of ___________ is in charge of electrical power. Energy Steven Chu http://www.sciencenews.org/view/download/id/39271/name/STEVEN_CHU

22. Department of ___________ is responsible for a fair and equitable education for all; dispersing funding on all levels. Education Arne Duncan http://writestuff444.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/arne-duncan1.jpg

23. Department of ____________ is in charge of natural resources, historic regions, Indian affairs, and the National Park System. Interior Ken Salazar http://www.holamun2.com/files/images/mun2-images/news/whodat/whodat-ken-salazar.jpg

24. Department of __________ handles the range of issues faced by veterans from the countries conflicts. Veterans Affairs Eric Shinseki http://de.academic.ru/pictures/dewiki/69/Eric_Shinseki_official_portrait.jpg

25. Department of ___________ conducts research and promotes legislation to help famers with their problems; aide Agriculture Tom Vilsack http://blog.prospect.org/blog/ezraklein/Tom%20Vilsack.jpg

26. Department of ___________ promotes commerce, industry, productivity, and business in general. Commerce Gary Locke http://www.nwasianweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/publisher_blog/gary-locke.jpg

27. Department of _____________ is in charge of foreign affairs, including participating in the United Nations and running foreign embassies. State Hillary Clinton http://www.state.gov/img/09/31024/Clinton-Offiial-Portraita20_600_1.jpg

28. Department of __________ enforces laws in federal courts, and conducts investigations and suits concerning monopolies, anti-trust laws, and organized crime. Justice Eric Holder Attorney General http://poll-monster.com/EricHolder/images/poll.jpg

29. Department of ___________ seeks solutions to many problems of urban living. Housing and Urban Development Shaun Donovan http://www.developeronline.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/donovan-shaun.jpg

30. Department of _________ deals with all methods of transportation. Transportation Ray H. LaHood http://ntl.bts.gov/historian/images/LaHood.jpg

31. Department of _________ oversees health matters while overseeing the Food & Drug Administration, Social Security, and the Public Health Service. Health and Human Services Kathleen Sebelius http://raisingwomensvoices08.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/sebelius.jpg

32. Introducing the Vice President of the United States of America…What does he do? • Replaces the President (shadow) • President of the Senate (allowed to vote-tie breaker) • Spokesperson of policy • Stepping stone to a political career of choice http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Joe_Biden_official_portrait_crop.jpg

33. SELECTING THE PRESIDENTHOW? • Should it be a Congressional power? • All power to the people vs. representative government • System of Electors • Electoral College • Not stated in the Constitution

34. Agenda • Take out your notes 2. Electoral College Video 3. Explain: Should we keep the Electoral College Options 4. Share your classified ads

35. HOW DOES IT WORK? • Each state gets as many electors as representatives and senators • Equal to the number of Senators=2 • Representatives vary according to population • Total: 538 electors • A vote of 270 or more is required to select the President • *Problem: it allows a person to be selected President who has not won the popular vote in the country. Popular vote?