The 1920’s

1. The 1920’s The “Others”

2. The Good Bright Days: A Recap • People are enjoying the changes of the 20’s • Insulin • Radio + TV’s • Sports (NHL) • Rethinking Art • Women’s Rights • Canada’s independence • Trans Canada Highway • New idea for flag • Partying, Drinking etc • ? Any more? (Brainstorm)

3. Major Defining Moments 1920’s • Re-thinking Art • The Group of 7 • Painted Landscapes • Emily Carr • Painted landscapes of Northern Canada as well as the Aboriginal perspective • She was also a writer • She was “welcomed” into the Group of 7 at an exhibition • “You are one of us” • Birth of the NHL • 1904- unofficial start of game • Men went off to war, game is put on hold • Men return, hired in factories and companies • Teams are formed to represent companies • Companies wanted “bragging” rights for the best team– they bought players to represent their companies • Then the official NHL began (1917)

4. Mary Pickford: The Queen of the Movies Canadian Actress (Toronto) Won an Oscar – Hollywood starlet/pioneer Created the Academy of Motion Pictures, Arts and Science

5. The Others  (What does this mean?) Many people, for many reasons did not experience Canada the same as the British immigrants. We have already learnt about the Chinese Discrimination in the 1920’s through the Chinese Exclusion Act– there were more groups who were treated unfairly

6. The Aboriginal Perspectives Denial of rights and belonging

7. The Violation: • Aboriginals not considered “persons” • Not allowed to vote (BC: 1949, Fed: 1960) • Conditions poor on reserves • Discrimination and racism in cities • Residential Schools • Separated from families, culture • Many abused physically and emotionally • Either adapt or be punished • Assimilation: Leave behind your own culture and adopt to the culture that is acceptable.

8. Residential Schools Taught to be “civilized” and more European like Their customs, values and practices were not considered acceptable They were forced to leave their families behind, and learn to be a well adjusted and contributing member of society

9. Video: The Painful Legacy of Residential Schools in Canada http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_4-TYwFS-P0 Questions for Viewing: What do you notice about how the Aboriginal Children were dressed? Why do you think this was done? Why were siblings separated? Why were they not allowed to speak their own languages?

10. Disrespected and Dismissed • First Nations Potlatch ceremonies outlawed • Illegal since 1884, but strictly enforced in ’20s • Aboriginal Title (land claims) • Most BC land not officially signed over to government in treaties • Government still took land from reserves for their economic advancement (Timber and oil) • Argued for treaty negotiations with government • Federal government forbid land claims

11. The African Canadian Perspective Discrimination and Racism Nova Scotia: separate schools until 1954 Montreal: separate seating in theatres Tolerance (After 1920’s) Edmonton: city council refused to ban African-Canadians from parks and swimming pools Brotherhood of Railway Workers: first Canadian union to accept African-Canadians

12. Missing the Roar • Immigrants • Much racism---ethnocentrism (Ku Klux Klan) • Russian and Eastern European immigrants believed to be communist revolutionaries • British and Americans preferred (“pure whiteness”) • English speakers • Some businesses welcomed immigrants because they worked for little money in unpleasant jobs • Labourunions often against open immigration (take the jobs for less $$)

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