Improving Safety in Aviation – the main aim of language proficiency

1. Improving Safety in Aviation – the main aim of language proficiency

2. “Flyingis so many parts skill, so many parts planning, so many parts maintenance, and so many parts luck. The trick is to reduce the luck by increasing the others…” — David L. Baker

3. Concept of safety (Doc 9859) SAFETYis the state in which the risk of harm to persons or property damage is reduced to, and maintained at or below, an acceptable level through a continuing process of hazard identification and risk management.

4. Two fundamental concepts • Hazards within LP context: • non-standard phraseology; • low level of comprehension; • poor vocabulary; • unknown terminology; • unintelligible speech / indistinct pronunciation; misunderstandings, etc. • Risks within LP context: • runway incursions; • take-off / landing on improper runways; • ground collisions, etc.

5. The risk is unacceptable at any level Intolerable region If the risk can be mitigated, it is acceptable. Tolerable region As Low As Reasonably Practicable Acceptable region The risk is acceptable as it currently stands Risk management  risk mitigation/elimination Level 1 or 2 Level3 Level 4 and above

6. TECHNICAL FACTORS HUMAN FACTORS ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS The evolution of safety thinking ICAO LP Requirements, personnel training, LP Tests

7. Organizational processes to improve safety • Development of State policy on safety assurance and promotion; • Workshops, seminars, conferences to discuss and decide on “burning questions”;

8. Organizational processes to improve safety 3. Development of regulatory documentson LPR. In 2008 the SAA of Ukraine issued Regulatory document called“Aviation Personnel Language Proficiency Testing in accordance with the ICAO Rating Scale” in which the Test Format, Test Procedure and Test Team Qualifications are described.

9. Organizational processes to improve safety 4. Training of Aviation English Teachers, Examiners/Raters (28 people); 5. Development and approval of LP training programmesand testsin accordance with the ICAO Doc. 9835 (2nd edition), ICAO Cir. 318 and Cir. 323; 6. Foundation and Certification of training/testing centres (10 centers).

10. Aviation English Training Centers in Ukraine Higher Educational Establishments ICAO Training Institute (National Aviation University ) State Flight Academy of Ukraine

11. Organizational processes to improve safety 7. Periodical audits and surveys of Aviation English Training Centers based on their test records and documents analysis. In December 2010 there was raters/examiners accreditation regarding all new Aviation LP approaches, requirements, demands and recommendations.

12. Organizational processes to improve safety 8. Pilots and Controllers initial and recurrent trainingsto maintain operational level and above. 9. Integration of Flight Simulator Training and LP Training. Initial Training 360-hour Course Recurrent Training 48-hour Course

13. The essential is invisible to the eyes • Absence of LP training programmes; • Inadequate LP tests; • Difference in LP testing techniques; • Poor qualification of Aviation English Teachers and Examiners/Raters; • Inadequate assessment; • Absence of LP maintenance and sustainability programmes, etc. Accidents Serious incidents Incidents Latent conditions

14. Risk mitigation – Defences Three basic defences in aviation: • Technology (modern and sophisticated equipment); • Training / Testing (appropriate methods); • Regulations (rules and requirements).

15. Problems to be solved • Tests harmonization at different training centres in all Contracting States; • Validationof LP Test Results demonstrated in the other country; • LP Maintenance and Sustainability training programmes development and implementation according to Cir.323.

16. Aviation English & Plain Language Radiotelephony LP Maintenance and Sustainability Training LP Training Programmes efficiency The balance will improve communication skills and mitigate risks. Therefore, the safety level will be increased.

17. LP Maintenance and Sustainability Training Radiotelephony Aviation English & plain language LP Maintenance and Sustainability Training

18. Conclusions • To assure safety the system approachis to be applied to Aviation English Training / Testing; • Integration of Flight Simulator Training and LP Training; • Harmonization of test content and test procedure in all Contracting States; • LP Maintenance and sustainability trainings as an instrument to improve safety.

19. Let’s learn from yesterday Work for today and Hope for tomorrow…

20. Thank you for your attention!