WWI, WWII, Cold War

1. WWI, WWII, Cold War Mr. Fisher

2. WWI – Causes, Effects • Nationalism: love/devotion for one’s country/culture • Ex. Britain having more raw materials than Germany • Imperialism: • Competing empires around the world • Ex. Germany wanting to create an empire compared to Britain • Militarism: • Development of armed forces to maintain dominance • Ex. Germany dev’l of navy to compete with the Royal Fleet (Britain) • Entangling alliances: • Assassination ultimately pulls allied countries in together

3. WWI – Causes, Effects • Central Powers: German Empire, Austria Hungary, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria • Allied Powers – France, Russia, Great Britain (map) • Central Powers needs for victory: • Quick, one-front battle with France and Britain (same as WWII) • Schlieffen Plan(video)Why did the plan fail? • Turn armies toward Russia with a victory • US to remain neutral – divided opinion • United States involvement: • Unrestricted U-boat (submarine) warfare • Sinking of the Lusitania • Carried American lives and weapons for the war • Zimmerman Note (Alliance between Germany and Mexico 5:50) • Mexico to regain land (Texas Annexation and Mexican Cession)

4. WWI Effects • Wilson’s Fourteen Points: • Attempted to keep peace in Europe post WWI (patch holes that caused war) • No secret treaties - • Freedom of seas - • Lower or abolish tariffs - • Arms reduction - • Colonial rights should be respected - • Treaty of Versailles • Officially ended war between Germany and the Allied Powers (Map) • Central Powers lose territory in Europe and colonial possessions • Creation of a League of Nations(lyrics)(Precursor to United Nations) • Provided a forum for nations to discuss and settle grievances • Failure: (Problem 1) • United States did not join • No armed forces to back it up

5. WWII Causes • World War I • Treaty of Versailles “too harsh” • Germany wanted revenge (lost land) • Great Depression: • Platform for dictators to rise (people feeling hopeless) • Militarism: • Pride and expansion of military • Japan creating an empire in Pacific • Nationalism: • “Second chance” after WWI

6. WWII Causes • Imperialism: • Germany wanted land back (lost after WWI) • Appeasement policy: • Annex (add) Austria, Czechoslovakia • G.B. and France didn’t want war • Could have stopped Hitler, but didn’t want to • Rise of Dictatorships: • Japan (Tojo), Germany (Hitler), Italy (Mussolini) • Would lead into war • Invasion of Poland: • Germany invaded Poland • German speaking people, land, sense of nationalism… • Created “snowball” effect

7. WWII Effects • Yalta Conference (plan for post-war Europe) • Rebuilding of European countries (Marshall Plan) • Truman Doctrine – money given to Turkey and Greece • Stop Communism (Depression Dictators?) • Stalin – Germany into 4 occupation zones (British, Russian, US, French) • Increase of rights for women (Rosie the Riveter) • “Vacuum” created by men leaving, women not wanting to give back jobs • Creation of the United Nations (successor of League of Nations) • Same purpose of L.O.N., but included army • GI Bill of Rights (learned mistakes from Depression) • Provided education and training for veterans • Provided loans for homes, farms, and business • Baby Boom Generation • Increase in population as men come home from war • Long-term issues? (Social Security and Medicaid) • Cold War (United States vs. Soviet Union) • Communism vs. Democracy • Space Race • Arms Race • Proxy Wars of Cold War: • Vietnam, Korea, Cuban-Missile Crisis, Soviet-Afghan War