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WWII/Cold War Lecture 1. I. Background A. Depression Continues B. WWI Affects Losers 1. Devastated Economies 2. Wounded National Pride 3. Ruthless Dictatorships Rise. II. Dictatorship Rise. A. Germany, Italy, Japan 1. Promise Of Return To Glory 2. Italy-Benito Mussolini Fascism
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WWII/Cold WarLecture 1 • I. Background • A. Depression Continues • B. WWI Affects Losers • 1. Devastated Economies • 2. Wounded National Pride • 3. Ruthless Dictatorships Rise
II. Dictatorship Rise • A. Germany, Italy, Japan • 1. Promise Of Return To Glory • 2. Italy-Benito Mussolini • Fascism • 3. Germany – Adolf Hitler -Nazi Party & The Third Reich -Anti-Semitism • 4. Japan-Hideki Tojo -island aggression • 5. Tripartite Pact Formed 1940
B. World Response • 1. Great Britain – Winston Churchill, • France-Charles de Gaulle • -appeasement • -war Sept. 1939 • 2. US • - Isolationism • - Neutrality Acts of 1930’s • Lend-lease program
III. US Enters War • A. Pearl Harbor Attacked • 1. 8 Large Ships Sunk, 200 Planes Lost • 2. 2,400 dead • B. US Declares War on Japan Dec 8, 1941 • 1. December 11, Japan, Germany, Italy Reciprocate • 2. Axis Powers – Japan, Germany, Italy • 3. Allied Powers – US, Great Britian, France
C. Many Fronts • 1. Europe • - Germany, Italy • -Rhineland & Much of Europe • -1942 Germany, attacks Russia (Russia joins Allied Powers) • 2. Pacific • -Japan • -Manchuria, Midway, Guadalcanal
D. Victory In Europe 1943-1945 • 1.Normandy, Battle of the Bulge • 2. Holocaust • 3. Hitler-Suicide April 30, 1945 • -May 8, Germany surrenders.
E. Victory In The Pacific • 1. Island Hopping • -Guam, Phillipines, Japan • -many lives lost • 2. FDR Dies-Harry Truman President • -Truman warns Japan • -Japan refuses to surrender • 3. Manhattan Project • -atomic bomb • -Albert Einstein, Robert Oppenheimer
4.Uranium Bomb Dropped • - called “Little Boy” • -Aug 6, 1945 on Hiroshima, Japan • -70,000 Dead, 70,000 Injured • 5. Plutonium Bomb Dropped • - called “Fat Man” • -Aug 9, 1945 on Nagasaki, Japan • -40,000 Dead, 40,000 Injured • 6. Japan Surrenders • -Aug 14, 1945 • -formal surrender Sept. 2 • -WWII ends
WW II Lec 2 • I. Background • A. Shift to War Production • 1. Challenges • - WWI & Depression • - Massive Organization • More sacrifices
II. War Economy • A. Office of War Mobilization • 1. Production of War materials • - auto industry • -cost-plus system • -new market methods • B. Union Workers • 1. Increases strikes, John L. Lewis • 2. Wildcat strikes
C. War Financing • 1. federal spending increases • 2. Taxes raised • 3. Deficit spending • D. Shortages • Metal, rubber, fabric, gas • Sugar coffee meat rationing
E. Women’s role • All ages working, very successful • Discrimination continues, mental, physical, racial • Post-war jobs loss • III. Racial struggles • A. Employment • 1. Greater opportunities • 2. Discrimination continues
B. Blacks • 1. South Jim Crow Laws • 2. North-De facto Discrimination • 3. Black organization • “double V campaign” • 4. Phillip Randolph
C. Hispanics • 1. Discrminated • 2. Major gains 1944 • - braceros program • Zoot soot riots • D. native Americans • 1. Many in War • 2. Cultural transition-Alienation
E. Japanese • 1. Anti-Japanese sentiment • 2. Sabotage fears • 3. Executive Order 9066 (1942) • - War Relocation Authority • Internment camps
WWII/Cold WarLecture 3 • I. Background • A. End of WWII • 1. US-Soviet Divisions • -capitalism vs communism • II. Wartime Problems • A. Tehran & Yalta Conferences • 1. Big 3 Meet • 2. Germany-4 Occupation Zones • -vague agreement
B. Western Front • 1. US Delay With Help • C. Atomic Bomb Development • 1. British in-soviets out • III. Post Way Path • A. US Stance • 1. Democracy (liberty, equality, rep. gov., worldwide markets)
B. Soviet Stance • 1. Communism (workers unite and share, totalitarian dictatorship) • C. Cold War Begins • 1. Cold War (indirect conflict & tension) • -1917 & 1939 divisions • Stalin 1946 Speech • -strengthen military • Survival against west • 3. Churchill 1946 Speech • - “Iron Curtain” has descended • - stop communist movement
IV. Containment Policy • A. Peace Organizations • 1. League of Nations Failure • 2. United Nations 1945 • B. Truman Doctrine 1947 • 1. US Support Policy • 2. Greece & Turkey Aid
C. Marshall Plan • 1.Main Obj. – Counter Soviet Expansion & Open New Markets • 2. European Recovery Program. • -17 bill total over 4 years • -Soviet non-participation • -Berlin airlift • D. Other Developments • 1. NATO 1949 • 2. NSC-68 • 3. Satellite Nations
V. Broadening Containment • A. Korean War • 1. 38th Parallel – N & S Korea • B. Vietnam War • 1. France, N & S Vietnam • 2. Domino Theory • C. Middle East • 1. Israel & Arab States • 2. Oil Supplies • D. Latin America • 1. Cuba-Castro
VI. Cold War at Home • A. HUAC • 1. Loyalty Prog. • 2. Hollywood • B. Spy Cases • 1. Alger Hiss, Julius & Ethel Rosenburg • C. McCarthy Era • 1. Communist Hunt