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Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: Comparing China and Europe

Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: Comparing China and Europe. By: Philip von Feilitzsch. Revival of old cultural identity Promotion of Confucian learning Emperor Yongle (Zhu Di) Ruled: 1402-1422) Sponsored Encyclopedia of 11,000 volumes Relocated capital to Beijing

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Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: Comparing China and Europe

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  1. Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: Comparing China and Europe By: Philip von Feilitzsch

  2. Revival of old cultural identity • Promotion of Confucian learning • Emperor Yongle (Zhu Di) Ruled: 1402-1422) • Sponsored Encyclopedia of 11,000 volumes • Relocated capital to Beijing • Ordered construction of the Forbidden City, Temple of Heaven China: Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)

  3. Political • Reestablished the civil service examination system • Power centered on Emperor • And high ranking eunichs personally loyal to the emperor • Eunichs were despised China: Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)

  4. China: Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) • Revitalized economy • Replanted billions of trees • Repaired the million of acres of former cultivated lands, rebuilt canals, reservoirs, and irrigation • Revitalized economy • Began extensive maritime expeditions

  5. Expeditions • Since 11th Century Chinese Sailors/Traders were a large presence in the South China Sea • Emperor Yongle sent 300 ships in 1405 to expand Chinese power and control over foreign trade • Captained by Zheng He China: Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)

  6. “The Emperor, approving of their loyalty and sincerity, has ordered us (Zheng) He and others at the head of several tens of thousands of officers and flag-troops to ascend more than one hundred large ships to go and confer presents on them in order to make manifest the transforming power of the (imperial) virtue and to treat distant people with kindness.” (Zheng He’s Inscription) Primary Source

  7. Death of Emperor Yongle 1424 • After 1433 expeditions stopped and the Chinese fleet detiorated. • Chinese did not pursue large-scale maritime empire • No religious impulse to convert foreigners • Idea of Middle Kingdom China: Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)

  8. Renaissance time period • Regrew population in second half of 15th Century • Many states Spain, Portugal, France, England, city states Milan, Venice and Florence taxed their population more efficiently and • created more effective administrative structures • raised standing armies • Russian state emerged Europe: State Builidng/Cultural Renewal

  9. France fought Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) against England Renaissance began and Classical Greek works and tradition gained prominence Well known figures such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael and NiccoloMichiavelli show this progress Europe: State Builidng/Cultural Renewal

  10. European Voyages • Portugal began expeditions in 1415 • Down the African Coast • 1492 Columbus • Americas • 1497 Vasco de Gama • To India (Calicut) Europe: State Builidng/Cultural Renewal

  11. Gunpowder (China) • Discovered earliest 8th century • Supposed to be a potion for immortality • Not widely used for war in China until 10th century • Used more for fireworks • China in a relative time of peace • Full potential not realized

  12. Gunpowder europe • Introduced in 1225 through the silk road • Refined by late 13th century • 1353 first european cannon • Reintroduced to China in 1520

  13. Summary • China: • Focused on • Domestic issues • Did not pursue maritime empire • Idea of Middle Kingdom • Peace • Fairly peaceful during dynasties • Very Centralized • Essentially one large state • Europe • Focused on • Exploration/ Rest of the world • Pursued maritime empire • War • Exponential progress in war technology • Fragmented • Hundreds of different kingdoms etc…

  14. Did the discontinuation of the Chinese Maritime voyages eventually cause its later lag behind in terms of development. Think about European history. Discussion

  15. http://www.kwanfamily.info/culture/exam.php http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/whic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?zid=f19ff0f8948a83fb92a40f3b6dea2aad&action=2&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CCX3035200083&userGroupName=seat24826&jsid=fa127fa6f6162ef00d7b4f37c23f4c3f http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/hundred_years_war.htm http://www.markville.ss.yrdsb.edu.on.ca/history/religion/dws-t-is-one-Confucianism.jpg http://www.alrahalah.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/voyages-of-zheng-he-map-06-04.jpg http://jakartaexpat.biz/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Zheng-He.jpg http://www.jamboree.freedom-in-education.co.uk/images/history/yongle.gif http://www.imperialchina.org/fresian_ming.gif http://www.wwnorton.com/college/history/ralph/ralimage/map29ita.jpg http://www.chinatownconnection.com/images/beauty.gif http://apwhod2011.pbworks.com/f/1306449960/ZhengHeShip.jpg http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-nZo1xqrWnFw/UHcA1HPPfUI/AAAAAAAAA4Q/PHYe8W4A8_Q/s1600/83101273.QMYCTn0g.MelakaFeb07547.jpg http://www.hist.umn.edu/hist1012/primarysource/source.htm http://www.milestonedocuments.com/documents/view/zheng-he-inscription-to-the-goddess-the-celestial-spouse/text https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=7&ved=0CGYQFjAG&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mendhamboro.org%2Fcms%2Flib02%2FNJ01000391%2FCentricity%2FModuleInstance%2F681%2FZheng%2520He%2520reading.doc&ei=oi8PUdqkOrOz0QGJ9IGoAg&usg=AFQjCNHFJDkcJoAHgYIvukp7b2lAw9dgNw&sig2=PNzPgz1odb8Jhtt-Ay7YXA&bvm=bv.41867550,d.dmQ&cad=rja http://fourriverscharter.org/projects/Inventions/pages/china_gunpowder.htm Bibliography

  16. http://gokatayama.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/forbidden-city-1-of-1.jpg?w=950&h=630http://gokatayama.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/forbidden-city-1-of-1.jpg?w=950&h=630 http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_XJDCOO_PcIc/TLtpKDGlUPI/AAAAAAAADsc/bGiticyX8r8/s1600/Chinese+farming+village.jpg http://www.basicrps.com/chine/histoire/china.htm http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/chinawh/web/help/readings.html http://www.learn.columbia.edu/medmil/images/non_met_images/maps/OtherMaps/1750/map_eccles_org.jpg http://history.cultural-china.com/en/60History6314.html http://history.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/images/arbigimages/e0ac4c3883a0d0b695fac7f65468c9b5.jpg http://mysite.du.edu/~jcalvert/tech/cannon.htm http://wikis.lib.ncsu.edu/index.php/Chinese_Development_of_Gunpowder_-_Thomas_Langworthy http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_26504.htm Bibliography

  17. http://www.monkeytree.org/silkroad/gunpowder/europe.html Bibiliography

  18. "Zheng He's Inscription." Primary Source: Zheng He Inscription. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Feb. 2013. Works Cited

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