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The Mauryan Empire (ca. 324 – 185 BCE)

The Mauryan Empire (ca. 324 – 185 BCE). Created by Chandragupta Maurya (ruled 324 – 301 BCE) Leads forces to remove Hellenistic influence and unifies lands by 321BCE Paranoid ruler Treason suspects tortured and killed Spies, food tasters, never sleeps in same room two nights in a row.

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The Mauryan Empire (ca. 324 – 185 BCE)

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  1. The Mauryan Empire (ca. 324 – 185 BCE)

  2. Created by Chandragupta Maurya • (ruled 324 – 301 BCE) • Leads forces to remove Hellenistic influence and unifies lands by 321BCE • Paranoid ruler • Treason suspects tortured and killed • Spies, food tasters, never sleeps in same room two nights in a row

  3. Chandragupta’s Rule • Establishes ruling principles based on: • Hindu philosophy • “policy of the scepter” • Establishes Government • Pataliputra • Kingdom divided into Provinces – each ruled by a royal governor appointed by the ruler • ivided into districts – each ruled by an official appointed by the royal governor • Districts contain villages – each has a village leader

  4. The Reign of Asoka (269 -232 BCE) • Initially continues brutal rule as father and grandfather had • 260 BCE – Asoka • converted to Buddhism because he was disturbed by his own brutality • Sends out Buddhist missionaries throughout kingdom • Spreads buddhism • uses the principles of Buddhism in the rest of his reign

  5. Asoka’s Rule • Issues “Rock Edicts” • has several stone pillars and tablets placed throughout his kingdom • outlining his new policies and ideas based on Buddhist principles • appoints “officials of righteousness” who make sure that everybody treated fairly • orders the building of hospitals for people and animals • creates “rest stops” along roads within the Empire • revises the legal code of the Empire • encouraged trade and industry • allowed freedom of religion within the Empire

  6. End of the Mauryan Empire • Asoka dies in 232 BCE – Maurayan Empire starts to decline • 185 BCE – the last Mauryan Emperor is assassinated, • Mauryan empire splits-up • Intermediate Period (ca. 185 BCE – 320 CE) • India fragments into independent kingdoms (again)

  7. The Gupta Empire (ca. 320 – 550 CE) – “India’s Golden Age”

  8. Establishment • Much smaller territory than Mauryan • Famous Emperors: • Chandra Gupta I • (r. 320 – 335 CE) – first Gupta Emperor, united several kingdoms • Chandra Gupta II (r. 375- • 415 CE) – Emperor during the height

  9. Government/Economic Organization • Emperor ruled from the capital (Pataliputra) • *. Emperor’s revenues generated from taxes from provinces • monopolistic control over salt and minerals • Empire divided into • provinces – each ruled by a royal governor • *. governed loosely, as long as they paid

  10. Culture • Hinduism official religion (religious freedom allowed) • Arts (especially Hindu-related) - flourished • Literature written in Sanskrit • Architecture and Sculpture (many temples) – especially in the form of Hindu

  11. New Technologies/Developments • Medicine – Inoculation, basic surgery • Mathematics – base 10 number system • Develop concepts of zero and infinity

  12. Decline in the status of women • arranged marriages become common • high respect, but little power for women • End of the Gupta Empire – caused by invasions by the Huns

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