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Physiology & Behavior 1 Localization of Function in the Brain

Physiology & Behavior 1 Localization of Function in the Brain. By: Alex L. Jared C. What is it?. Refers to the concept that different areas of the brain control different aspects of behavior. Areas of the Brain. Cerebellum - Regulates balance, posture, movement, and muscle coordination.

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Physiology & Behavior 1 Localization of Function in the Brain

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  1. Physiology & Behavior 1Localization of Function in the Brain By: Alex L. Jared C.

  2. What is it? Refers to the concept that different areas of the brain control different aspects of behavior.

  3. Areas of the Brain Cerebellum - Regulates balance, posture, movement, and muscle coordination. Corpus Callosum - Large bundle of nerve fibers that connect the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Frontal Lobe - Used for reasoning, emotions, judgment, and voluntary movement. Medulla Oblongata - Controls automatic functions including heartbeat, breathing, etc. Occipital Lobe - Contains the centers of vision and reading ability.

  4. Areas of the Brain Cont. Parietal Lobe - Middle lobe of each cerebral hemisphere between the frontal and occipital lobes; contains important sensory centers. Pituitary Gland - Secretes hormones. Pons - The part of the brainstem that joins the hemispheres of the cerebellum and connects the cerebrum with the cerebellum. Spinal Cord - Thick bundle of nerve fibers that runs from the base of the brain to the hip area, running through the vertebrae. Temporal Lobe - Contains centers of hearing and memory.

  5. Views of the Brain

  6. Case study Phineas Cage : Cage was a railroad worker in 1848. In an unfortunate accident where a iron pole pierced his cheek, through his brain, and exited out the other side, part of his frontal lobe was damaged. He was taken, while fully conscious and alert, to a doctor, Dr. Hallow. When his would healed, he was no longer the same man and became much more vulgar, impulsive, and child-like in ways. This is a perfect example of how damage to a specific part of the brain can affect behavior.

  7. Studies • Paul Broca • 1861: Found that people suffering from damage in the left frontal lobe of the brain were unable to understand and make grammatically complex sentences. • His patients had problems producing speech, but were able to understand it. • This condition is known as Broca’s Aphasia.

  8. Studies Cont. • Carl Wernicke • 1874: First described the area that appears to be critical for language comprehension – left posterior superior temporal gyrus. • His patients could produce speech, but could not understand it. • This condition is known as Wernicke’s Aphasia.

  9. Conclusion of Studies Both Broca and Wernicke came to the conclusion that language processing is localized. When a behavior is localized, it is possible to trace the origin of the behavior to a specific part of the brain. Auditory and speech information is transported from the auditory area to Wernicke’s area for evaluation of significance of context words, then to Broca’s area for analysis of grammar. In speech production, content words are selected by neural systems in Wernicke’s area, grammatical modifications are added by Broca’s area, then the information is sent to the motor cortex, which sets up the muscle movements for speaking.

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