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The French Revolution & Napoleon Bonaparte

The French Revolution & Napoleon Bonaparte. Unit 4 Notes. Important Dates for Unit 4. Key Terms Quiz #1 – Friday 10/16 Key Terms Quiz #2 – Wednesday 10/16 Unit 4 Test – Wednesday 10/23. Unit 4 Key Terms (p. 99-104). Old Regime/estates system Estates-General National Assembly

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The French Revolution & Napoleon Bonaparte

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  1. The French Revolution& Napoleon Bonaparte Unit 4 Notes

  2. Important Dates for Unit 4 Key Terms Quiz #1 – Friday 10/16 Key Terms Quiz #2 – Wednesday 10/16 Unit 4 Test – Wednesday 10/23

  3. Unit 4 Key Terms (p. 99-104) • Old Regime/estates system • Estates-General • National Assembly • Tennis Court Oath* • Bastille • Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen • Legislative Assembly* • National Convention • Jacobins* • Maximilien Robespierre • Committee of Public Safety • Reign of Terror • Directory • Napoleon Bonaparte • Napoleonic Code • Continental System* • Hundred Days* • Waterloo* • nationalism • Congress of Vienna*

  4. Key Terms • Old Regime/estates system – social class system that divided France into three groups: the clergy, the nobility, and the middle class/peasants • Estates-General – a French assembly made up of representatives from all three social classes • National Assembly – the first revolutionary government that consisted of delegates from the Third Estate

  5. Key Terms • Tennis Court Oath – the promise of the Third Estate not to leave the Estates-General until France had a new constitution • Bastille – a hated French prison that was stormed and fell on July 14, 1789 • Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen – document that stated basic rights of people and said that government got its power from the people, not the king

  6. Key Terms • Legislative Assembly – France’s constitutional monarchy • National Convention – the most radical government of the revolution that executed the king and queen and declared France a republic • Jacobins – radicals that took over and set up the National Convention • Maximilien Robespierre – radical Jacobin lawyer that came to control the Committee of Public Safety and eventually France

  7. Key Terms • Committee of Public Safety – group within the National Convention that sought to eliminate opposition to the revolution through executions at the guillotine • Reign of Terror – a time during the revolution where 40,000 people, including the queen, were murdered because of disloyalty to the revolution • Directory – the more conservative French government that followed the National Convention that consisted of a five-person council

  8. Key Terms • Napoleon Bonaparte – French war hero who would become dictator and then emperor of France • Napoleonic Code – new legal system in France based on Enlightenment ideas that included equality and religious toleration • Continental System – Napoleon’s attempt to blockade Great Britain to prevent trade with the rest of Europe

  9. Key Terms • Hundred Days – Napoleon’s last bid for power that started after he escaped from Elba and lasted until his defeat at Waterloo • Waterloo – the site of Napoleon’s final defeat by the British • nationalism – the belief that one’s greatest loyalty is to a shared culture (including aspects of common history, language, religion, and nationality) rather than to a leader or border

  10. Key Terms • Congress of Vienna – meeting of European leaders following the defeat of Napoleon in order to create a balance of power and restore Europe to the way it was before the French Revolution

  11. The French Revolution& Napoleon Bonaparte Unit 4 Notes

  12. What caused the French Revolution? • unfair social divisions - the three estates (social classes) of the Old Regime • 1st Estate – clergy (the Church) • 2nd Estate – nobles (wealthy landowners) • 3rd Estate – bourgeoisie (middle class) and peasants • unequal tax burdens • government debts • economic depression – high prices and high cost of living • ideas of the Enlightenment • many Enlightenment thinkers were from France • American Revolution

  13. Bellringer What are some reasons you would be willing to lead a revolution against your country? In other words, what causes do you think are worth revoluting against your country? Give reasons for what you choose. Also, if there is nothing to you worth revolting over, explain why.

  14. What do you see? I am the First Estate (The Church). I am 1% of the population. I own 15% of the land. I pay virtually no taxes. I am the Second Estate (Nobles). I am 2% of the population. I own 25% of the land. I pay virtually no taxes. I am the Third Estate (Middle Class & Peasants). I am 97% of the population. I own next to nothing. I pay nearly all of the taxes.

  15. Key Events of the French Revolution • July 1776 – American Declaration of Independence excited many people in France. • May 1789 – As a result of many problems in France, King Louis XVI called a meeting of the Estates General, the first time in 175 years. • June 1789 – The National Assembly was formed by the Third Estate and they take the Tennis Court Oath. • July 14, 1789 – Crowds stormed the Bastille and uprisings spread throughout France.

  16. Key Events of the French Revolution • August 26, 1789 – The National Assembly adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. • Spring 1791 – The National Assembly declared France a constitutional monarchy. Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette tried to flee France but were captured and imprisoned. The king was reinstated in July.

  17. Key Events of the French Revolution • Fall 1791 – Louis XVI accepted the constitution and France became a constitutional monarchy ruled by the Legislative Assembly. • March 1792 – The guillotine became the official method of execution in France. • April 1792 – France declared war on Austria. Prussia soon joined Austria in war against France.

  18. Key Events of the French Revolution • August 1792 – King Louis XVI and his family were arrested and thrown into prison. • September 1792 – Due to a failing war effort, radicals took over the government, dissolved the Legislative Assembly, formed the National Convention, and declared France a republic. • December 1792 – Louis XVI was put on trial. • January 1793 – Louis XVI was beheaded.

  19. Key Events of the French Revolution • April 1793 – To stop rebellion against the Revolution, the Committee of Public Safety was formed. • July 1793 – Radical Jacobin lawyer Maximilien Robespierre joined the Committee of Public Safety. • September 1793 – The Reign of Terror began. During this time, Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety executed nearly 40,000 people, including the queen, as enemies of the Revolution.

  20. Key Events of the French Revolution • October 16, 1793 – Marie Antoinette, queen of France, was beheaded on the guillotine. • April 1794 – Georges Danton, first president of the Committee of Public Safety and Jacobin revolutionary, was executed for suspected leniency toward the “enemies of the Revolution.” • July 1794 – Robespierre and the other members of the Committee of Public Safety were executed and the Reign of Terror ended.

  21. Key Events of the French Revolution • August 22, 1795 – The 1795 Constitution was ratified and the Directory was created. • October 5, 1795 – Napoleon’s “whiff of grapeshot” stopped a riot in Paris. Napoleon Bonaparte gained national popularity as a military hero. • May 1796 – Napoleon began his invasion of Italy. • August 1798 – Napoleon was defeated in Egypt.

  22. Key Events of the French Revolution • October 1799 – Napoleon returned to France. • November 1799 – The coup d’état ended the power of the Directory. • December 1799 – The leadership of Napoleon was established under a new government called the Consulate. This government was formed by the Constitution of the Year VIII. The French Revolution ended.

  23. Key Events of the French Revolution • December 1799 – May 1804 – Under First Consul Napoleon France underwent many reforms such as: • improvements in education and sanitation • return of the Catholic Church to France • improved economics under a central bank and new tax code • new laws – the Napoleonic Code • December 2, 1804 – Napoleon crowned himself emperor of the new French Empire. By 1812, Napoleon controlled nearly all of Europe.

  24. Key Events of the French Revolution • November 1806 – Napoleon set up a blockade to prevent trade between Great Britain and the rest of Europe. This was called the Continental System. • 1808 – The French Army suffered heavy losses during the Peninsular War in which he tried to control Spain. • June 1812 – Napoleon began his march into Russia.

  25. Key Events of the French Revolution • September 7, 1812 – The Battle of Borodino was fought. • September 14, 1812 – Napoleon entered Moscow to find it abandoned and in flames. • Winter 1812 – Napoleon retreated from Russia with a devastated army. This loss would be his downfall. • April 1814 – Napoleon surrendered and went into exile on the island of Elba.

  26. Key Events of the French Revolution • March 1, 1815 – Napoleon landed in France after escaping from Elba. He was welcomed by his troops and the French people. • June 18, 1815 – Napoleon’s armies were defeated by the English at the Battle of Waterloo. Napoleon was exiled to the island of St. Helena where he would die in 1821.

  27. Major Issues Contributing to the French Revolution • struggles between different political philosophies • conservatives – sought to keep the monarchy • moderates – shared some conservative and radical ideas, favored Enlightenment ideas • liberals/radicals – embraced the ideas of the Enlightenment and wanted to change the government of France dramatically • beliefs of “Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity” became the rallying cry for the people • women fought for equal rights but nothing happened • the Catholic church was suppressed but it only alienated the peasants – Napoleon wisely reversed this

  28. Immediate Effects of the French Revolution and the Rise of Napoleon complete change of the social and political structures in France France was led to war with many European nations – Napoleon established puppet regimes in other countries in 1815, the Congress of Vienna returned monarchs to the thrones of Europe following Napoleon’s exile to St. Helena

  29. Long Term Effects of the French Revolution and the Rise of Napoleon a turn towards conservative leadership across Europe following the Congress ofVienna in an effort to restore the balance of power nationalist feelings spread across Europe Enlightenment ideas spread across Europe and the world which led to revolutions across Europe and Latin America

  30. King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

  31. The Estates General

  32. The Tennis Court Oath

  33. The Bastille

  34. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

  35. The Guillotine

  36. The Execution of King Louis XVI

  37. Maximilien Robespierre

  38. Marie Antoinette

  39. Napoleon

  40. Napoleon in Egypt

  41. The Napoleonic Code

  42. Coronation of Napoleon

  43. The French Empire Under Napoleon

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