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Computer Hardware Concepts CIS 141 Lecture. Thad Crews Western Kentucky University. Input – Process – Output. Input – Process – Output. Input – Process – Output. Input – Process – Output. Processing. Processing. 2. Decode. 3. Execute. The Machine Cycle
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Computer Hardware ConceptsCIS 141 Lecture Thad Crews Western Kentucky University
Processing 2. Decode 3. Execute The Machine Cycle • 1. Fetch (instruction from RAM to CPU) • 2. Decode (CPU’s Control Unit) • 3. Execute (CPU’s Arithmetic Logic Unit, or ALU) • 4. Store (results back to RAM) Note: CPU clock speed is measured in GHz (gigahertz) 1. Fetch 4. Store
A little more about Processing What is pipelining? • Processor begins fetching second instruction before completing machine cycle for first instruction • Results in faster processing
A little more about Processing Processor 1 Processor 2 Processor 3 Processor 4 Memory Memory Memory Memory Parallel processing uses multiple processors simultaneously. A multi-core processor is a single chip with two or moreseparate processors Control Processor Results combined
Memory • Electronic components that store instructions, data, and results What is memory?
Memory Memory resides on small circuit boards called memory modules. These modules fit into memory slots on the motherboard.
Buses • Electronic pathways that connect components on a circuit board What is a bus?
(Not on the test; Just “FYI”) CPU RAM
How Cool Is This? www.Gigapan.org Linkto http://www.gigapan.org/viewGigapan.php?id=17217
Monitors • Output referred to as soft copy • Key Terms • Resolution/pixels • Size • Aspect ratio • Dot pitch • Refresh rate WUXGA (1920×1200) high-definition television (HDTV) content, which uses a 16:9 aspect ratio and a 1920x1080 resolution
Monitors (cont) • Cathode-ray tube (CRT) monitors • Flat-panel monitors • Require less power to operate • Portable and thinner than CRTs • Other monitors • E-books readers • Data projectors • High-definitiontelevision (HDTV)
Resolution • Monitor resolution is pixel dimensions (e.g. 1920 x 1200) • Printer resolution is measured in dots per inch (dpi)
Printers (cont) • Ink-jet printer • Laser printer • Personal laser printers • Shared laser printers • Other printers • Thermal printers (ATMs) • Dot-matrix printers (old) • Plotters • Photo printers • Portable printers
Connecting Display Devices standard monitorport S-video port Digital Video Interface (DVI) port
Microsoft Surface (www.microsoft.com/surface) Linkto http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rP5y7yp06n0
Ubiquitous Computing LINK http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_gLVlYOl0w&feature=related