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Making Sense of the New Wireless Standards

802.11n. WiMax. Making Sense of the New Wireless Standards. 802.11g. Bard Moss Network Architect Moss Network Consulting, Inc. BardMoss@sbcglobal.net 918-633-2922. 802.16e. Bluetooth. WiFi. Making Sense of the New Wireless Standards. Which is not wireless?. 802.11b. 802.16e. WiMax.

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Making Sense of the New Wireless Standards

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  1. 802.11n WiMax Making Sense of the New Wireless Standards 802.11g Bard MossNetwork ArchitectMoss Network Consulting, Inc. BardMoss@sbcglobal.net 918-633-2922 802.16e Bluetooth WiFi

  2. Making Sense of the New Wireless Standards Which is not wireless? 802.11b 802.16e WiMax 802.11n 802.11i 802.3ae 802.11a WPAN WiFi 802.11g Blu-ray WiMedia WMAN 802.16a 802.16-2005 ZigBee WLAN Bluetooth Bard Moss Moss Network Consulting 802.20 802.15

  3. Voice Related Data Standards– Bell Labs – AT&T Digitized voice Codecs Digital Carriers (T1) Cellular Vendors Digital Carriers (GSM, CDMA) Data along with voice Email IM Instant Messaging Some testing of cellular and WiFi handsets Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802.x including Ethernet, WiFi, & WiMax IETF Internet Engineering Task Force TCP/IP ISO International Standards Organization Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model – 7 Layers Architecture Evolution of Data Standards

  4. Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model • 7 Layers Reference Model • File, print, database, application services • Data encryption, compression, translation services • Dialog control • End to end control • Routing • Framing, bridging, transmission • Physical topology Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical

  5. Data Link Layer -- OSI Reference Model Application • 2 Data Link Sub Layers • LLC – Logical Link Control • IEEE 802.2 • MAC - Media Access Control • IEEE 802.3 Ethernet • IEEE 802.4 Token Bus • IEEE 802.5 Token Ring • IEEE 802.6 Metropolitan Area Networks • IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN • IEEE 802.15 Wireless PAN • IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access • IEEE 802.20 Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Logical Link Control Media Access Control Physical IEEE 802 standards are restricted to networks carrying variable-size packets

  6. IEEE 802.X MAC - Media Access Control 802.11 WLAN Wireless Local Area Network WiFi 802.11a 802.11b 802.11g 802.11i 802.11n • 802.15 • WPAN • Wireless Personal Area Network • Bluetooth • ZigBee • UWB Ultra Wide Band • 802.16 • WMAN • Wireless Metro Area Network • WIMAX • 802.16 • 802.16a • 802.16d • 802.16-2005 • 802.16e • 802.20 • MBWA • Mobile Broadband Wireless Access • Service at 155 MPH • Working on standard

  7. Wireless Standards Coverage Area 802 protocols are optimized for these distances – no actual distance limits Wireless Metropolitan Area Network Wireless Local Area Network WiMax Wireless Personal Area Network IEEE 802.15 WiFi Bluetooth Few Meters IEEE 802.11 Tens of Miles Hundreds of Meters IEEE 802.16

  8. 802.11 WiFi Modulation Techniques • Operational performance depends on signal reception – automatic change in speed (54 – 1 Mbits/sec) • 802.11g • OFDM orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing • Data rates of 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 54 Mbit/s • 802.11b • CCK for 5.5 and 11 Mbit/s • DBPSK/DQPSK+DSSS for 1 and 2 Mbit/s.

  9. 802.11 WiFi Frequencies Protocol overhead limits data throughput * ISM - Industrial, Scientific, Medical (microwave oven – 2.4) ** U-NII – Unlicensed National Infrastructure

  10. 802.11 WiFi Extensions • Range extender (or wireless repeater) can increase the range of an existing wireless network • Multiple SSIDs (i.e. multiple VLANs – encrypted corporate and open guest) • Proprietary mesh network (wireless backhaul) • 802.11s unapproved standard (target 2008) • Proprietary channel bonding • Can boost speeds to 108 Mbits/sec • Proprietary packet bursting techniques • Can boost speeds to 108 Mbits/sec • Draft 802.11n or Pre-n (including MIMO)

  11. 802.11n High Speed WiFi • Builds on 802.11 standards • Adds MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output). • MIMO uses multiple transmitter and receiver antennas to allow for increased data throughput through spatial multiplexing • Standard not complete (projected 2008) • Vendors have pre-n products on market • Very little interoperation (sometimes within the same vendor) • No guarantee of compatibility to 802.11n standard • May not be firmware upgradeable

  12. 802.11i WiFi Security • Most access points can also filter by MAC address • 802.11 included Wired Equivilent Privacy (WEP) • Easily broken • Early equipment defaulted to no encryption • Wireless Protected Access (WPA) encryption • Introduced by the Wi-Fi Alliance • Intermediate solution to WEP insecurities • Newer equipment turn on encryption by default (i.e. MAC address as key) • IEEE 802.11i, also known as WPA2 • Advanced Encryption Standard(AES) block cipher • 802.1X for authentication (i.e. RADIUS server) • Four-way handshake authentication As of 2006, WPA and WPA2 encryption are not easily crackable if strong passwords are used

  13. 802.15 Wireless Personal Area Network • Personal Area Network 802.15 • Dynamic group of less than 255 devices • No online connection with external devices is defined • 2.4 GHz frequency • Bluetooth 802.15.1 • Low-power wireless technology intended to replace cables and wires • Multiple devices discover and talk to each other (up to 7) • Speeds up to 1M bit/sec • Range of roughly 30 feet

  14. 802.15 Wireless Personal Area Network • High Rate 802.15.3 WiMedia Alliance • Multimedia streaming over wireless networks • 20 to 55 Mbit/sec (2.4 GHz) • Up to 245 wireless fixed and portable devices • About 3 years to develop • Ultra Wide Band (proposed 802.15.3a) • Wide bandwidth, low power, short pulses, high data rate • 802.15.4 ZigBee Alliance • Decentralized control mesh - so there's no single point that all information has to flow through • Low bandwidth • Most turn on when needed – efficient power control • Example light switch with no power wires • Light fixture is always on and listening – monitor and forward traffic • Telemetric devices

  15. 802.16 Wireless Metropolitan Area Network Plan • WiMax Standard– What Is It? • Point to Multipoint Wireless MAN (not LAN) • Connection Oriented • Supports difficult user environments • High bandwidth, hundreds of users per channel • Continuous and burst traffic • Very efficient use of spectrum • Protocol-Independent core (ATM, IP, Ethernet, …) • Balances between stability of contentionless and efficiency of contention-based operation • Proponents say signal can extend as far as 30 miles, depending on how wide a spectrum band is used

  16. 802.16 WMAN - WiMax (Continued) • WiMax standards • 802.16d • Eliminates the need for an outdoor antenna • Let vendors build PC Cards to the standard • 802.16-2005 • A unified standard (combines all through 802.16d) • 802.16e • Standard not complete (projected 2008) • Supports handoffs between base stations, making it truly mobile.

  17. 802.16 WMAN - WiMax Future • WiMax – Next Big Thing • Base Station to Subscriber Stations • Building or Laptop • Multipoint multichannel distribution system (MMDS) license holders (licensed and unlicensed bands) • Initially to compete with DSL and cable modem service – especially rural areas • Expensive customer installation (outside antenna) not required • Current small operators (ISPs) using 802.11 to bridge the last mile • From a single base station, an antenna can transmit as much as 75M bit/sec of bandwidth for 2 or 3 miles • Intel a big proponent – plan to install in every laptop

  18. Cellular Wireless Data Some testing of cellular and WiFi handsets ---- (GSM is world wide standard)

  19. 802.20 Mobile Broadband Wireless Access • Designed to provide broadband data in a mobile environment (hand off at base stations) • Service at 155 MPH • Class of service included in design • One option for 4G cellular technology • Data rate and range is only half that of WiMAX • Working Group re-instated in Sept 2006

  20. IEEE 802.X MAC - Media Access Control 802.11 WLAN Wireless Local Area Network WiFi 802.11a 802.11b 802.11g 802.11i 802.11n • 802.15 • WPAN • Wireless Personal Area Network • Bluetooth • ZigBee • UWB Ultra Wide Band • 802.16 • WMAN • Wireless Metro Area Network • WIMAX • 802.16 • 802.16a • 802.16d • 802.16-2005 • 802.16e • 802.20 • MBWA • Mobile Broadband Wireless Access • Service at 155 MPH • Working on standard Questions?

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