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The Endocrine System

The Endocrine System. The Endocrine System Functions. Primary function is to produce hormones Hormones chemical messengers which control body development, function, life. The Endocrine System Steroid Hormones. Control metabolism inflammation immune functions salt & water balance

rahim-velazquez
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The Endocrine System

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  1. The Endocrine System

  2. The Endocrine SystemFunctions • Primary function is to produce hormones • Hormones chemical messengers which control body development, function, life

  3. The Endocrine SystemSteroid Hormones • Control • metabolism • inflammation • immune functions • salt & water balance • development of sexual characteristics • ability to withstand illness & injury

  4. The Endocrine SystemAnabolic Steroids • Related to male testosterone • taken to build strength & muscles • Side effects • liver damage • altered body chemistry • testicular shrinkage • breast development • mood swings & violence • Stops long bone growth

  5. The Endocrine SystemStructures • Pituitary Gland 1 • Thyroid 1 • Parathyroid 4 • Adrenal glands 2 • Pancreas 1 • Thymus 1 • Pineal gland 1 • Gonads 2

  6. The Endocrine SystemMedical Specialties • Endocrinologist

  7. The Endocrine SystemPathology • Endocrinopathy • Hypercrinism • Hypocrinism

  8. The Endocrine SystemPituitary Gland-Anterior • Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ACTH (adreno- adrenal) (cortic/o = cortex)) (-tropic = stimulating) Adrenotropin • Stimulates adrenal cortex

  9. The Endocrine SystemPituitary Gland-Anterior • Follicle-stimulating hormone FSH • Female • Stimulates secretion of estrogen • Growth of ova (eggs) in the ovaries • Male • Stimulates production of sperm

  10. The Endocrine SystemPituitary Gland-Anterior • Growth hormone GH or somatropin STH (somato= body) • Regulates growth of muscles, bones, & other tissue

  11. The Endocrine SystemPituitary Gland-Anterior • Lactogenic hormone LTH or prolactin • Stimulates & maintains secretion of breast mink after birth.

  12. The Endocrine SystemPituitary Gland-Anterior • Luteinizing Hormone LH or Luteotropin • Female • Stimulates ovulation • Male • Stimulates testosterone secretion

  13. The Endocrine SystemPituitary Gland-Anterior • Melanocyte-stimulating hormone MSH or melanotropin • Increases pigmentation

  14. The Endocrine SystemPituitary Gland-Anterior • Thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH or thyrotropin (thyro- = thyroid) • Stimulates the growth and secretions of the thyroid gland

  15. The Endocrine SystemPituitary Gland-posterior • Antidiuretic hormone ADH • Maintains water balance by reabsorption of water in the kidneys. >ADH=<urine • Diuretic > = > • Oxytocin OXT • Stimulates uterine contraction at birth • Stimulates flow of milk after birth

  16. The Endocrine SystemPituitary Gland-pathology • Acromegaly • Alcohol consumption • Gigantism • Hyperpituitarism • Hypopituitarism • Pituitarism • Diabetes insipidus • Polydipsia • polyuria

  17. The Endocrine SystemThyroid Gland • Lies on either side of the larynx • Regulates metabolism • Thyroxine (T4 ) • Triiodothyronine (T4) • Calcitonin or thyrocalcitonin • Regulates calcium

  18. The Endocrine SystemThyroid Gland-Pathology • Hypothyroidism Underactive thyroid • Cretinism • Myxedema • Hyperthyroidism • Graves’ disease • Goiter • Exophthalmos

  19. The Endocrine SystemThyroid Gland-diag. & treatment • Thyroid scan • Chemical thyroidectomy radioactive iodine therapy • TSH assay

  20. The Endocrine SystemParathyroid Gland Parathyroid Hormone PTH or parathormone • Regulates calcium • Hypoparathyroidism = hypocalcimia • abn. Low calcium • Hyperparathyroidism = hypercalcimia • abn. high calcium • Tetany

  21. The Endocrine SystemAdrenal Glands • Controls electrolyte function • Helps regulate metabolism • Adrenal Cortex • Adrenal Medulla

  22. The Endocrine SystemAdrenal Cortex • Corticosteroid • Mineralocorticoids • Glucocorticoids • Gonadotropins

  23. The Endocrine SystemAdrenal Medulla • Epinephrine

  24. The Endocrine SystemAdrenal Glands- Pathology • Adrenalitis • Addison’s • Aldosteronism • Pheochromocytoma • Cushing’s syndrome • Laparoscopic adrenalectomy

  25. The Endocrine SystemPancreatic Islets or Islets of Langerhans • Glucagon (alpha cells) • Insulin (beta cells) • Hyperglycemia • Hyperinsulinism • Hypoglycemia • Diabetes mellitis

  26. The Endocrine SystemPancreatic Islets or Islets of LangerhansDiabetes Mellitus • Type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus • 0r juvenile diabetes • Due to destruction of beta cells • insulin • Type 2 non-insulin-dependent diabetes m. or adult onset diabetes • Diet, exercise & ornase

  27. The Endocrine SystemPancreatic Islets or Islets of Langerhans • Diagnostics • Fasting blood sugar • Glucose tolerance test • Emergencies • Hypoglycemia low blood sugar =diabetic shock • Hyperglycemia high blood sugar • Diabetic ketoacidosis DKA = diabetic coma • Complications

  28. The Endocrine SystemThymus • Thymus (thym/o) • Role in immune system • Thymosin

  29. The Endocrine SystemPineal gland • Influences sleep-wake cycle • Melatonin • Pinealopathy • Pinealectomy

  30. The Endocrine SystemGonads • Dev. & main. Secondary sex characteristics • Testicles - testosterone • Ovaries • Estrogen • Progesterone • Placenta • Human chorionic gonadotropin HCG

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