COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

1. COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

2. Population-focused Nursing • “Community” or “public” health nursing is population based. • Care may be given to individuals and families, but its purpose is the improvement of the health of the population as whole.

3. Community Health Nursing • A synthesis of nursing knowledge and practice and the science and practice of public health, implemented via systematic use of the nursing process and other processes, designed to promote health and prevent illness in population groups.

4. Tenets of Community Health Nursing - 1 • Systematic and comprehensive population-based assessment, policy development, and assurance. • Partnering with representatives of the people. • Priority for primary prevention. • Intervention to create conditions for health.

5. Tenets of Community Health Nursing - 2 • Active outreach • Concern for the population as a whole • Resource allocation supports maximum gain for the population. • Interdisciplinary collaboration Source: Quad Council of Public Health Organizations. (1999).

6. Community Health Nursing Standards of Care - 1 • Standard I. Assessment • Standard II. Diagnosis • Standard III. Outcomes identification • Standard IV. Planning • Standard V. Assurance • Standard VI. Evaluation Source: Quad Council of Public Health Organizations. (1999).

7. Community Health Nursing Standards of Performance - 1 • Standard I. Quality of care • Standard II. Performance appraisal • Standard III. Education • Standard IV. Collegiality

8. Community Health Nursing Standards of Performance - 2 • Standard V. Ethics • Standard VI. Collaboration • Standard VII. Research • Standard VIII. Resource utilization Source: Quad Council of Public Health Organizations. (1999).

9. Attributes of Community Health Nursing - 1 • Population consciousness • Health orientation • Autonomy • Creativity

10. Attributes of Community Health Nursing - 2 • Continuity • Collaboration • Intimacy • Variability

11. Population Consciousness • An awareness of how information about individual clients or families relates to the health status of the total population

12. Health Orientation • An emphasis on health promotion and maintenance rather than the cure of disease or disability

13. Autonomy • Independent judgment and action by the community health nurse • Active client participation in health decision making

14. Creativity • An ability to develop innovative solutions to community health problems using available resources

15. Continuity • Long term relationships with clients • Provision of care across time as old problems are solved and new ones occur • Provision of care across multiple needs

16. Collaboration • Interaction and joint decision making with multiple health-related and non-health-related disciplines to address the health needs of population groups

17. Intimacy • Potential for developing awareness of intimate details of clients’ lives • Potential for increased accuracy of nursing assessment

18. Variability • In clients served • In health problems addressed • In settings for practice

19. Community Health Nursing Roles • Client-oriented roles • Delivery-oriented roles • Population-oriented roles

20. Caregiver Educator Counselor Referral resource Role model Advocate Primary care provider Case manager Client-oriented Roles

21. Caregiver • Uses the nursing process to provide direct nursing intervention to individuals, families, or population groups

22. Educator • Facilitates learning for positive health behavior change

23. Counselor • Teaches and assists clients in the use of the problem solving process

24. Figure 8–1 Problem Solving in Community Health Nursing

25. Referral Resource • Links clients to services to meet identified health needs

26. Role Model • Demonstrates desired health-related behaviors

27. Advocate • Speaks or acts on behalf of clients who cannot do so for themselves

28. Primary Care Provider • Provides essential health services to promote health, prevent illness, and deal with existing health problems

29. Case Manager • Coordinates and directs the selection and use of health care services to meet client needs, maximize resource utilization, and minimize the expense of care

30. Delivery-oriented Roles • Coordinator/Care manager • Collaborator • Liaison

31. Coordinator/Care Manager • Organizes and integrates services to best meet client needs in the most efficient manner possible

32. Collaborator • Engages in shared decision making regarding the nature of health problems and potential solutions to them

33. Liaison • Provides and maintains connections and communication between clients and health care providers or among providers

34. Case finder Leader Change agent Community developer Coalition builder Researcher Population-oriented Roles

35. Case Finder • Identifies clients with specific health problems or conditions • Geared toward awareness of population-level problems

36. Leader • Influences clients and others to take action regarding identified health problems

37. Change Agent • Initiates and facilitates change in individual or client behaviors or conditions or those affecting population groups

38. Community Developer • Mobilizes residents and other segments of the population to take action regarding identified community health problems or issues

39. Coalition Builder • Promotes the development and maintenance of alliances of individuals or groups of people to address a specific health issue

40. Researcher • Conducts studies to explain health-related phenomena and to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to control them