Introduction to community health nursing

1. Introduction to community health nursing Haidar Nadrian School of Nursing & Midwifery Islamic Azad University-Sanandaj Branch

2. History of Community Health Nursing Before mid 1800s-Early Home Care with focus in Sick and Poor individual. Orientation: curative agencies: lay & religious orders *St. Phoebe  Mid 1800s to 1900-district Nursing with focus in Sick and poor individual Orientation: curative/less in prevention agencies: voluntary & some government *William Rathbone

3. History of Community Health Nursing 1900-1970 public health nursing- Pubic Health Needs, focus in family and orientation in Curative and Prevention agencies: government & some voluntary *Lilliam Wald 1970 to present-Community Health Nursing, focus in total community and oriented to population health, services address health promotion; illness prevention agencies: many kinds; some independent practice *Ruth Freedman

4. Health Beyond Acute Care Settings-Community Care and Public Health

5. Public Health Definition Public health is the Science and Art of : • preventing disease, • prolonging life, • promoting healthand efficiency through organized community effort. (Winslow, 1920)

6. Definition of Community Health (ANA,2000） • Community health nursing is a synthesis of nursingand public health practice applied to promotingand preserving the health of populations. • Treat “ Population as a Whole” • Focus on individual, family, groups, community • Utilizing Health promotion, health maintenance, health education, and management, coordination, and continuity of care for meeting population needs.

7. Characteristics of Community Health Nursing • It is a field of nursing • It combines public health and nursing • It focus on population and environment factors that may impact to people’s health • It emphasize in health promotion, illness prevention, and wellness

8. Characteristics of Community Health Nursing • It promotes client responsibility and self-care • It uses aggregate measurement and analysis • It use principle of organizational theory • It involves inter-professional collaboration.

9. Pubic Health is for: • The sanitation of environment, • The control of communicable infections, • The education of the individual in personal hygiene, • The organization of medical and nursing services for The early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease, and • The development of the social machinery to insure everyone a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health , Healthy Life Style and Longevity .

10. Challenges and Opportunities in CHN (Allender and Spradley 2001)

11. Community Health & Public Heath Similarities: • Both are organized community efforts aimed at promotion, protection and preservation of the public’s health • Historically, public health has been associated with official or governmental efforts • Currently, it includes both public and private health efforts Difference: Community health focuses on specific designated communities. It’s a part of the larger public health effort.

12. Community Health Practice

13. Roles of Community Health Nurses

14. Health Prevention Tertiary Prevention Secondary Prevention Primary Prevention

15. Primary Prevention for Health Promotion • Health Education • Adequate Nutrition • Individual Development • Adequate working environment and recreation, resting • Pre-marriage counseling and education • Genetic Counseling • Regular Physical Examination

16. Primary Prevention for Health Protection • Comply with immunization • Individual hygiene • Improve environment sanitary • Occupational Safety • Prevent Accident in all ages • Adequate nutrition • Avoid cancer cause agents • Avoid allergic

17. Secondary Prevention • Identify cases in the community • Screen and test • Conduct special physical examination • Treat and prevent the progress of illness • Avoid the spreading of disease • Reduce the disability time

18. Tertiary Prevention • Treat and stop the disease progress and avoid complication and side effect • Limit the chance for disability • Provide rehabilitation for physical and psychological well-being, occupational therapy, availability of long-term care

19. Setting for community health nursing practice • homes • ambulatory service settings • schools • occupational health setting • residential institutions • the community at large

21. Opportunity for Future Community Health Nursing • Chronic Disease management • Home Care • Extended care from Acute care setting • Elderly care • Rehabilitation care in different population • Health promotion in every level • Health system referral, emphasize individual role and function of community health sector