Whole Grains & Fiber

1. Whole Grains & Fiber

2. Project Sponsors • USDA project funded through the Food Stamp Program • School District of Philadelphia • Nutrition Center, Department of Biology Drexel University

3. Provide energy Carbohydrates: Simple Sugars 2. Complex Carbohydrates (starches) Then we’ll look at foods that are good sources of fiber Let’s concentrate on Whole Grains

4. Eat six “1 ounce-equivalents” of grain products daily (for a 2,000 calorie diet): Make at least half of your grains whole grain.

5. Definition: 1 ounce-equivalent In the grains food group, a “1 ounce-equivalent” is the amount of a food counted as equal to a 1 ounce slice of bread • Equivalents: • 1 slice bread • ½ cup cooked pasta, cooked rice or cooked cereal • 1 cup ready-to-eat cereal Adapted from University of Nebraska Lincoln (www.lancaster.unl.edu)

6. So what is a whole grain? The food has to be made from the entire grain seed (or kernel) The kernel consists of: • Bran • Germ • Endosperm Adapted from University of Nebraska Lincoln (www.lancaster.unl.edu)

7. The Whole Grain Kernel

8. Whole Grains vs. Refined Grains Refined Grains: the bran and germ were removed (you lose B vitamins, iron, fiber) Enriched: B vitamins and iron are added back. But you still lose the fiber Adapted from University of Nebraska Lincoln (www.lancaster.unl.edu)

9. Label Reading Choose foods with a whole grain ingredient listed first on the label’s ingredient list. Adapted from University of Nebraska Lincoln (www.lancaster.unl.edu)

10. A B Ingredients: Wheat flour, water, high fructose corn syrup, molasses, wheat bran … Which is the whole grain bread? Ingredients: Whole wheat flour, water, brown sugar… Adapted from University of Nebraska Lincoln (www.lancaster.unl.edu)

11. A B Ingredients: Wheat flour, water, high fructose corn syrup, molasses, wheat bran … Ingredients: Whole wheat flour, water, brown sugar … B Answer: has WHOLE wheat as the first ingredient! Adapted from University of Nebraska Lincoln (www.lancaster.unl.edu)

12. Color and whole grains • Color is not an indication of a whole grain. • Bread can be brown because of molasses or other added ingredients. • Read the ingredient list to see if grain is a WHOLE grain. NOT whole grain! Ingredients: Wheat flour, water, high fructose corn syrup, molasses, wheat bran … Adapted from University of Nebraska Lincoln (www.lancaster.unl.edu)

13. “Nutrition Facts” label and grains • Use “Nutrition Facts” label to help choose whole grain products with a higher % Daily Value (%DV) for fiber. • The %DV for fiber is a good clue to the amount of whole grain in the product. Adapted from University of Nebraska Lincoln (www.lancaster.unl.edu)

14. Provide energy Carbohydrates: Simple Sugars 2. Complex Carbohydrates (starches) Which of the foods above have fiber?

15. Fiber Fiber promotes good health: Digestive System: • Helps relieve constipation • Helps lower your risk of diverticulitis and colon cancer Heart Health: • Can help reduce blood cholesterol levels Recommendations: Males (14-50 years old) = ~38 grams/day Females (9-50 years old) = ~25 grams/day

16. Diverticulitis

17. Colon Cancer

18. What is going on? Fiber helps lower the amount of cholesterol in the blood. This help reduce your risk for heart disease.

19. How it really looks Blood clot Plaque Dead muscle cells

20. QUESTIONS???