Immunity and Disease

1. Pg 247: Chapter 9 Sections 3 & 4 Immunity and Disease

2. First Line Defenses • Your skin, respiratory system, digestive and circulatory systems are your body’s line against Pathogens. • Disease causing organism • Your skin stops many pathogens from entering your body

3. Internal first-line defenses • Respiratory system traps pathogens with cilia (hair like structures in your nose), and with mucus. • Sneezing or coughing helps to get rid of pathogens • Digestive system – destroys and fights pathogens with saliva, enzymes and hydrochloric acid

4. Blood Cells & Inflammation • White blood cells constantly circulate your body digesting invaders • When tissue is injured it become inflamed (swells). • This is cause by capillaries getting bigger to allow more blood to pass through them. • The area looks red and swollen, and white blood cells rush to the area.

5. Specific Immunity • When your body fights diseases, it is fighting antigens. • Your immune system releases T cells. • Killer T cells release enzymes to help destroy foreign molecules • Helper T cells help to make antibodies • Antibodies are proteins made to fight specific antigens.

6. Memory B & Active Immunity • Memory B cells stay in your blood, and are ready to defend against the same pathogen at another time. • Active Immunity – the body creates its own antibodies in response to an antigen. • Passive Immunity – antibodies that have been made in another animal are introduced into the body.

7. Vaccinations • A vaccine (shot) also helps you get active immunity. • Vaccines can help prevent a disease, but it cannot cure a disease. • As you grow you build immunity to separate pathogens and get shots to help build your immunity.

8. Diseases • Many people have been killed by disease throughout history • People today develop treatments to help prevent or cure disease. • Some diseases today still can’t be cure: • Example SARS • Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

9. Pasteurization & infectious Disease • Pasteurization – the process of heating a liquid to a temperature that kills most bacteria. • (Apple juice and milk are pasteurized) • Infectious Disease is a disease that is spread from an infected organism to another. • They can be spread by direct contact, through air or water, or by rats, mice, birds and misquitoes.

10. Joseph Lister • He discovered being clean helps to stay healthy. He discovered soap. • Washing your hands frequently will help you avoid catching illness.

11. HIV and AIDS • HIV – human immunodeficiency virus. It is a pathogen that lives in blood and body fluids. • AIDS – Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. • AIDS attack the bodies immune system and does not allow it to fight infections

12. Noninfectious Disease • Diseases that are not spread from person to another. • Diabetes, allergies, and cancer. • Some noninfectious diseases are chronic, which means they last for a long period of time.

13. Allergens & Diabetes • An overly strong reaction of the immune system to a foreign substance. • Allergens cause allergic reactions. • Dust, chemicals, pollen, insect stings, foods, and molds • Diabetes – a chronic disease that has to do with insulin (sugar) levels in your body. • Type 1 – too little or no insulin • Type 2 – People’s bodies cannot properly use the insulin

14. Cancer • A group of diseases that cause an uncontrolled cell growth. • Can occur in any part of the body. • They are still being researched to be better understood.