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Middle School Students

Career Day. Middle School Students. Issues Facing Middle School Students. Physical, psychological, and social changes Bullying, social status, and academics Low levels of self-efficacy (Legum & Hoare, 2004)

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Middle School Students

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  1. Career Day Middle School Students

  2. Issues Facing Middle School Students • Physical, psychological, and social changes • Bullying, social status, and academics • Low levels of self-efficacy (Legum & Hoare, 2004) • Pressure to make preliminary decisions about future career opportunities (Akos, Konold, & Niles, 2004) • School dropout • At least 25% of students entering high school will leave before they graduate (Brown, 1998)

  3. Needs of Middle School Students • Development of interpersonal skills and an increase in occupational knowledge (Osborn & Reardon, 2006) • Increase in self-efficacy • Interventions specific to career readiness (Akos et al., 2004) • Support from parents, peers, teachers, and counselors • Finding the connection between school and work • 80% of middle school students do not understand how their favorite school subjects can be applied to future careers (Schaefer, Rivera, & Ophals, 2010)

  4. Theorists and Terms Related to Middle School Career Counseling • Super, 1984: Crystallization • Understanding identity • Marcia, 1980: Engagement in the exploration process (Akos et al., 2004) • Gottfredson: Circumscription • Process of eliminating unacceptable occupational alternatives

  5. Interventions • Determine Values • Set Goals • Complete Assessments (interest inventories) • Develop a “plan of study” • Career Genograms • Career Portfolios • Mentoring • Job Shadowing

  6. References • Akos, P., Konold, T., & Niles, S. G. (2004). A career readiness typology and typal membership in middle school. The Career Development Quarterly, 53, 53-66. • Brown, D. (2007). Career Information, Career Counseling, and Career Development. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc. • Legum, H. L,. & Hoare, C. H. (2004). Impact of a career intervention on at-risk middle school students' career maturity levels, academic achievement, and self-esteem. Professional School Counseling, 8 (2), 148-155. • Osborn, D. S., & Reardon, R. C. (2006). Using the self-directed search: Career explorer with high-risk middle school students. The Career Development Quarterly, 54, 269-273. • Schaefer, M. B., Rivera, L. M., & Ophals, E. (2010). Creating a collaborative career development program for middle grades students. Middle School Journal, 42(2), 30-38. • Turner, S., & Lapan, T.R. (2002). Career self-efficacy and perceptions of parent support in adolescent career development. The Career Development Quarterly,15, 44-55.

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