Energy and Its Transformations Review

1. Energy and Its TransformationsReview Georgia Performance Standards S8P2 and S8P4 Text: Chapters 9 and 10

2. Promethean: Types of Energy Review

3. By the end of Grade 8, students should explain energy transformations, in keeping with the Law of Conservation of Energy, trace different forms of energy through a given system, and distinguish between kinetic and potential energy. Heat flow is understood in terms of conduction, convection, and radiation. Mechanical and electromagnetic waves are defined, and properties of light and sound energy are explored.

4. To help understand energy transformation in terms of the Law of Conservation of Energy, create energy chains for basic transformations. An energy chain is an illustrated step-by-step accounting of energy transformation for a process, like a cartoon strip. An example of an energy chain is the burning of biomass, such as wood:

5. Heat and light energy from the sun is transferred to trees during photosynthesis and stored as chemical energy. The chemical energy is released during burning of the wood, and it is transformed into heat and light energy. Create energy chains for the following scenarios: – Fossil fuels – Biomass in the form of dung (poop) – Wind power – Wave power – Solar power

6. ReviewElectromagnetic Spectrum –In what part of the spectrum can you see colors? – What type of radiation gives humans a suntan? – Which types of electromagnetic radiation have the highest and lowest energy? – What types of radiation are used to diagnose human health problems? – What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency?

7. Other important concepts/vocab… Forms of Energy: • Kinetic • Potential • Kinetic and Potential Energy Conversion • Thermal Energy Loss Heating up: • Conduction • Convection • Radiation • Heat, Temperature & Thermal Energy: The Difference

8. Heat, Temperature and Thermal Energy…The Difference Heat, Temperature and Thermal Energy are related to each other but are not the same things. Heat is a transfer of thermal energy, or the amount of energy transferred from one object to another. Temperature is the average kinetic energy of an object’s particles. Thermal energy is the total energy of those particles.

9. While thermal energy varies with the mass of the object, temperature does not. The table below should help you remember the differences among these terms.

10. Video: Heat and the changing states of matter 19:09 This program is an excellent adjunct to Physics and Physical Science units on energy transference and the states of matter. Students' understanding of the significance of energy transformations in everyday life is enhanced as the program demonstrates the thermal conductivity of various materials, and the movement of heat through solids, liquids, and gases by convection, conduction and radiation. Students learn how thermal energy causes matter to change states, expand, and contract. The heat of fusion and heat of vaporization are examined, along with the measurement of thermal energy in calories, and the concepts of kinetic and potential energy. Scenes of steel mills, solar and geothermal power plants, and wind farms illustrate these concepts.