Chapter 30: The Vietnam Era

1. Chapter 30: The Vietnam Era Preview:“Presidents from Truman to Nixon argued that communism in Southeast Asia threatened vital American interests. But it was Lyndon Johnson who began a massive bombing campaign and sent half a million American troops to intervene in Vietnam’s civil war.” The Highlights: The Road to Vietnam Social Consequences of the War The Unraveling Nixon’s War The New Identity Politics The End of an Era

2. 30-2 The Road to Vietnam • Lyndon Johnson’s War • The domino theory • Tonkin Gulf incident, 1964 • Rolling Thunder • Escalation • Air strikes McGraw-Hill

3. 30-3 McGraw-Hill

4. 30-4 Social Consequences of the War • The Soldiers’ War • Body counts • Technology and its limits • The War at Home • Hawks and doves • McNamara loses faith • Inflation McGraw-Hill

5. 30-5 The Unraveling • Tet Offensive • One of the great American intelligence failures • Stalemate • My Lai • “Clean for Gene” • LBJ withdraws • The Shocks of 1968 • The King and Kennedy assassinations • Both men exemplified the liberal tradition McGraw-Hill

6. 30-6 McGraw-Hill

7. 30-7 “The clashes in Chicago seemed homegrown, but they reflected a growing willingness among students worldwide to use violence to press their revolutionary causes”(1022). • Chicago • Hubert Humphrey • Revolutionary clashes worldwide • Whose Silent Majority? • Governor George Wallace • Nixon’s “silent majority” • The election of 1968 McGraw-Hill

8. 30-8 McGraw-Hill

9. 30-9 Nixon’s War • Vietnamization-and Cambodia • “Peace with honor” • Nixon launched a series of bombing attacks against North Vietnamese supply depots • Invading Cambodia • Fighting a No-Win War • Morale became a serious problem for American soldiers • As the troops became restive, domestic opposition to the war grew McGraw-Hill

10. 30-10 “Despite Nixon’s insistence on ‘peace with honor,’ Vietnam was not a war he had chosen to fight. Both Kissinger and Nixon recognized that the United States no longer had the strength to exercise unchallenged dominance across the globe”(1026). • The Move toward Detente • Nixon Doctrine • SALT I (1972) McGraw-Hill

11. 30-11 The New Identity Politics • Latino Activism • Puerto Ricans and Cubans • Cesar Chavez and the UFW • Chicano activists • La Raza Unida • The Choices of American Indians • Termination: reduction of federal services, selling off land • American Indian Movement • Wounded Knee McGraw-Hill

12. 30-12 • Asian Americans • “Model minorities” • “Third world revolution” • Gay Rights • Growing political activism placed them among minorities demanding equal rights • Stonewall incident (1969) McGraw-Hill

13. 30-13 • Feminism • The Feminine Mystique • National Organization for Women • Equal Rights and Abortion • Roe v. Wade (1973) • Women divided • The Legacy of Identity Politics • Political and social activism had brought a sense of empowerment to minority groups • Identity politics forced the nation to see itself as a multicultural society McGraw-Hill

14. 30-14 McGraw-Hill

15. 30-15 The End of an Era “The war in Southeast Asia shattered the optimism of the early 1960s: the belief that the world could be remade with the help of enough brilliant intellectuals or enough federal programs”(1038). McGraw-Hill