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Class Starter

Class Starter. What is the chemical symbol for silicon? How many electrons does silicon have? How many valence electrons does silicon have?. Chemical Bonding. Chapter 13. 3 Types of Bonds.

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Class Starter

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  1. Class Starter • What is the chemical symbol for silicon? • How many electrons does silicon have? • How many valence electrons does silicon have?

  2. Chemical Bonding Chapter 13

  3. 3 Types of Bonds • Ionic An Ionic Bond is a chemical bond resulting from the TRANSFER of electrons from one bonding atom to another • Between metals and nonmetals

  4. 3 Types of Bonds • Covalent A covalent bond is a chemical bond resulting from SHARING of electrons between 2 bonding atoms. • Between nonmetals

  5. 3 Types of Bonds • Metallic  A metallic bond occurs between metals. A metal consists of positive ions surrounded by a “sea” of mobile electrons.

  6. Why Bond? Forming of a bond is like marriage…more stable. The breaking of a bond relates to a divorce. .. Less stable.

  7. Octet Rule • Rule that states that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons so that each atom has full outermost energy level which is typically 8 electrons.

  8. Valence electrons in ionic bonds 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 If an element has 3 or less valence electrons, it will lose them. If an element has 5 or more valence electrons, it will gain enough to fill outer level.

  9. Valence electrons in ionic bonds 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 If an element has 4 valence electrons, it can gain or lose valence electrons depending on what it “needs” to do.

  10. Practice • How many electrons do the following elements want? Carbon? Nitrogen? Lithium? • C would like to • N would like to • Li would like to Gain or Lose 4 electrons Gain 3 electrons Lose 1 electrons

  11. Ions • When atoms gain or lose electrons, they are called ions.

  12. Ions • If an element loses electrons then it becomes positively-charged and is called a cation • Metals are always the cation. • It is very easy to lose these electrons and become positively charged.

  13. Ions • If an element gains electrons then it becomes negatively-charged and is called an anion • Nonmetals are always the anion. • It is very easy to gain enough electrons to fill the outer energy level and become negatively charged.

  14. Formation of Sodium Ion Sodium Atom Sodium Ion 2, 8, 1 Will sodium gain or lose its valence e- ? Na+ LOSE 11 p+ 11 e- - 1 e- = 10 e- 1 +

  15. Formation of Boron Ion Boron Atom Boron Ion 2, 3 Will boron gain or lose its valence e- ? B+3 LOSE 5 p+ 5 e- - 3 e- = 2 e- 3 +

  16. Formation of Sulfur Ion Sulfur Atom Sulfur Ion 2, 8, 6 Will sulfur gain or lose its valence e- ? S-2 Gain 16 p+ 16 e- + 2 e- = 18 e- 2 -

  17. Formation of Fluorine Ion Fluorine Atom Fluorine Ion 2, 7 Will fluorine gain or lose its valence e- ? F-1 Gain 9 p+ 9 e- + 1 e- = 10 e- 1 -

  18. Ionic Bonding • Occurs when two or more ions combine to form an electrically-neutral compound. Create a compound between sodium and fluorine. Na+1 F-1 NaF

  19. Ionic Bonding Create a compound between sodium and sulfur. Na+1 S-2 Na+1 Na+1 S-2 Na2S

  20. Ionic Bonding Create a compound between Magnesium and Chlorine. Mg+2 Cl-1 Mg+2 Cl-1 Cl-1 MgCl2

  21. Transition Metal Ions Cobalt Co+2 Mercury Hg+2 Iron (II) Fe+2 Nickel Ni+2 Iron (III) Fe+3 Tin Sn+2 Lead (II) Pb+2 Silver Ag+1 Lead (IV) Pb+4 Zinc Zn+2 Manganese Mn+2

  22. Class Starter • Will bromine gain or lose electrons? How many? • Will magnesium gain or lose electrons? How many? • What “charge” will bromine obtain? • What “charge” will magnesium obtain? • Make a compound between bromine and magnesium.

  23. Class Starter • Will aluminum gain or lose electrons? How many? • Will oxygen gain or lose electrons? How many? • What “charge” will aluminum obtain? • What “charge” will oxygen obtain? • Make an ioniccompound between aluminum and oxygen.

  24. Class Starter • Will boron gain or lose electrons? How many? • Will carbon gain or lose electrons? How many? • What “charge” will boron obtain? • What “charge” will carbon obtain? • Make an ioniccompound between boron and carbon.

  25. Naming Ionic Compounds • Ionic compounds all have two-word names • The first word in the name is the same as the name of the cation (positive ion) • The second word in the name is the anion (negative ion) with the ending “-ide”. Ex. Chlorine  Chloride or Oxygen  Oxide

  26. Practice Naming Ionic Compounds • Sodium and Fluorine  • Sodium and Sulfur  • Magnesium and Chlorine  Sodium Fluoride Sodium Sulfide Magnesium Chloride

  27. Polyatomic Ions • There are some ions that are made up of more than one type of atom, these are called polyatomic ions.

  28. Practice Naming Ionic Compounds Na2CO3 -- CaSO4 -- KBr -- NH4F -- Sodium Carbonate Calcium Sulfate Potassium Bromide Ammonium Fluoride

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