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Literary Terms

Literary Terms . You need to know all these terms BEFORE the State Reading Assessment. Allusion. A reference in a literary work to a person, place, or thing in history or another work of literature. References to well-known characters, mythology, the Bible, or events.

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Literary Terms

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  1. Literary Terms You need to know all these terms BEFORE the State Reading Assessment

  2. Allusion • A reference in a literary work to a person, place, or thing in history or another work of literature. • References to well-known characters, mythology, the Bible, or events. • Do you know Steve Jobs from Apple? • Well, here is The Simpsons ALLUDING to the famous CEO of Apple

  3. Analogy—a partial similarity, as the computer is like the brain Bus: Bus Driver:: • Courtroom: Defendant • Principal: Desk • Board: Surfer • Officer: Badge more help…

  4. Antagonist • The character that opposes the heroine; villain • Example • The Joker in Batman • The Wolf in The Three Little Pigs

  5. Autobiography A biography of a person narrated by himself/herself

  6. Bias • To influence in a particular, typically unfair direction; prejudice; a personal and sometimes unreasoned judgment. • Providing evidence for only one side of an issue.

  7. Bibliography • The works or a list of the works referred to in a text or consulted by the author in its production • Example • works cited OR reference page

  8. Cause/Effect • The concept that an action or event will produce a certain response/result to the action in the form of another event (remember that this is a text structure). • Ex. • Heavy rainfall (cause) • Mudslides or Floods (effect)

  9. Character A person or animal represented in or acting in a story, drama, etc.

  10. Cliché • A trite or overused expression; stereotyped expression. • It’s a dog-eat-dog world, and I’m wearing Milkbone underwear. • Rub salt in his wounds

  11. Climax The point of highest dramatic tension or a major turning point in the action (part of the plot diagram)

  12. QUIZ 1

  13. Compare/Contrast A literary technique of placing together like people, places, or ideas to show common or different features (a text structure).

  14. Comprehension To understand a concept or reading selection.

  15. Conclusion The last part of something; a result or outcome; the resolution

  16. Conflict • The opposition of persons or forces that gives rise to the dramatic action in a drama or fiction • Man vs. Himself • Man vs. Man • Man vs. Nature • Man vs. Higher power

  17. Connotation The emotional association suggested by the primary meaning of a word or phrase that affects its interpretation and meaning

  18. Context Clues Information from the text that helps the reader identify a word or word group

  19. Crisis/turning point A point at which significant change occurs

  20. Denotation Dictionary meaning; a direct specific meaning as distinct from an implied or associated idea

  21. Description A composition in writing or speech that gives a picture of a character or event (a text structure)

  22. QUIZ 2

  23. Dynamic Character • A character marked by usually continuous and productive activity or change • This character changes his/her behavior or thinking in the course of the novel.

  24. Example One that serves as a pattern to be followed

  25. Expository Text • Its purpose is to inform or relay information; a piece of writing that explains or informs. • Ex. Science textbook

  26. Falling Action The events of a dramatic or narrative plot following the climax (part of the plot diagram)

  27. Flashback A technique of disrupting the chronology of a narrative by shifting to an earlier time in order to introduce information.

  28. Flat Character • One that represents a single (or very few traits) such as a loyal sidekick • Little or no details revealed

  29. Fluency Able to express oneself readily and effortlessly

  30. Foreshadowing The technique of giving clues to coming events in a body of writing The author gives hints about what is to come later in the story.

  31. Hyperbole An intentionally exaggerated figure of speech such as I have told you a million times.

  32. Idiom An expression that does not mean what it literally says. “He put his foot in his mouth,” meaning that he said something embarrassing.

  33. QUIZ 3

  34. Imagery • A set of mental pictures or images; the use of figurative language to represent objects, actions, or ideas • Using the five senses to describe: • Taste (gustatory) • Touch (tactile) • Hear (auditory) • Sight (visual) • Smell (olfactory)

  35. Inference The act or process of deriving logical conclusion from premises known or assumed to be true. An educated guess

  36. Irony • The use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning; incongruence • Example—a doctor who smokes • The difference between: • Expectation and result • Appearance and reality

  37. Irrelevancy The quality or state of being unrelated to a matter being considered.

  38. Jargon • Speech or writing having unusual or pretentious vocabulary, convoluted phrasing, and vague meaning • Specific job-related language • Ex. Doctor, Lawyer, Teacher, Mechanic

  39. Main Idea The chief topic of a passage expressed or implied in a word or phrase

  40. Metaphor • A figure of speech in which a word or phrase meaning one kind of object or idea is used in place of another to suggest a similarity between them. • A comparison of two unlike things in which one is said to be the other. • Ex. He is a bull.

  41. MLA The Modern Language Association, a particular type of format for writing

  42. Mood The emotional state of mind expressed by an author or artist in his or her work.

  43. Motive A thought or feeling that makes a character or person act

  44. QUIZ 4

  45. Narrative Text • Its purpose is to entertain in the form of a written story. • A story that is told or written. • Examples • The Three Little Bears • Dumbo • Beauty and the Beast

  46. Onomatopoeia Using words that sound like their meaning such as purr, buzz, or hiss

  47. Overstatement To state in too strong terms; exaggerate

  48. Paradox An apparently contradictory statement that suggests the truth, as life is but a dream; a self-contradictory, illogical statement, as include me out

  49. Parallel Episode • A single happening or group of happenings in a story that occur simultaneously with the main action of the story • Example— “A Midsummer Night’s Dream”

  50. Paraphrase A restatement of a text, passage, or work giving the meaning in another form

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