Early Americas: Maya Civilization & Aztec and Inca Empires

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2. G7 Chapter 14 The Early Americas (12,000 BC - AD1000)

3. G7C14 Key Terms and People

4. 100 Answer a sharp, glasslike volcanic rock Maize Obsidian Maya Civilization Palenque Maya Society

5. 200 Answer It reached its height between about AD 250 and 900 centered around the Yucatan Penninsula in Mesoamerica (present day Mexico). Maize Obsidian Maya Civilization Palenque Maya Society

6. 300 Answer corn; staple crop of the Americas Maize Obsidian Maya Civilization Palenque Maya Society

7. 400 Answer Upper Class - king, priests, professional Warriors and merchants Lower Class - farmers and slaves Maize Obsidian Maya Civilization Palenque Maya Society

8. 500 Answer The ancient Maya city of ___________ was a major power on the border between the Maya highlands and lowlands. Its great temples and plazas were typical of the Classic Age of Maya civilization. Maize Obsidian Maya Civilization Palenque Maya Society

9. 600 Answer corn; staple crop of the Americas Maize Obsidian Maya Civilization Palenque Maya Society

10. 700 Answer Upper Class - king, priests, professional Warriors and merchants Lower Class - farmers and slaves Maize Obsidian Maya Civilization Palenque Maya Society

11. 800 Answer It reached its height between about AD 250 and 900 centered around the Yucatan Penninsula in Mesoamerica (present day Mexico). Maize Obsidian Maya Civilization Palenque Maya Society

12. 900 Answer a sharp, glasslike volcanic rock Maize Obsidian Maya Civilization Palenque Maya Society

13. 1000 Answer The ancient Maya city of ___________ was a major power on the border between the Maya highlands and lowlands. Its great temples and plazas were typical of the Classic Age of Maya civilization. Maize Obsidian Maya Civilization Palenque Maya Society

14. G7 Chapter 15 The Aztec and Inca Empires (1325-1537)

15. G7C15 Key Terms and People

16. 100 Answer It covered half the territory of present day Mexico. The Aztec Empire 6. Aztec Society Tenochtitlan 7. The Inca Empire Conquistadors 8. Atahualpa Hernan Cortes 9. Francisco Pizarro Moctezuma 10. Inca Society

17. 200 Answer It covered the South American western coast from the north to the south along the Andes mountain ranges. The Aztec Empire 6. Aztec Society Tenochtitlan 7. The Inca Empire Conquistadors 8. Atahualpa Hernan Cortes 9. Francisco Pizarro Moctezuma 10. Inca Society

18. 300 Answer 1485–1547 - After arriving on the coast of Mexico, he burned his ships so his men couldn’t return home. They had no choice but to stay and fight with him. In the end they conquered the Aztecs, partly due to his leadership and determination to find gold. Also, the Spanish had a huge advantage by having guns and the Aztecs only having arrows. The Aztec Empire 6. Aztec Society Tenochtitlan 7. The Inca Empire Conquistadors 8. Atahualpa Hernan Cortes 9. Francisco Pizarro Moctezuma 10. Inca Society

19. 400 Answer Kings ruled the empire and lived in luxury. Nobles served as important officials, such as tax collectors and judges. Priests performed many important duties, such as keeping calendars. Warriors fought to conquer other peoples and capture victims for sacrifice. Merchants traded goods like food, clothing, and tools. At the bottom of society, farmers and slaves were left. Slaves who disobeyed orders were sacrificed to the gods. The Aztec Empire 6. Aztec Society Tenochtitlan 7. The Inca Empire Conquistadors 8. Atahualpa Hernan Cortes 9. Francisco Pizarro Moctezuma 10. Inca Society

20. 500 Answer This was the capital of the Aztec Empire. To build this amazing city, the Aztecs had to overcome many geographical challenges. The city’s island location made travel and trade difficult. To make it easier to get to and from their city, the Aztecs built three wide causeways—raised roads across water or wet ground—to connect the island to the shore. The causeways were made of rocks covered with dirt. It was surrounded by water, but the water was undrinkable. As a result, the Aztecs built a stone aqueduct, or channel, to bring fresh water to the city. The Aztec Empire 6. Aztec Society Tenochtitlan 7. The Inca Empire Conquistadors 8. Atahualpa Hernan Cortes 9. Francisco Pizarro Moctezuma 10. Inca Society

21. 600 Answer Spanish soldiers in the Americas who explored new lands, searched for gold and silver, and tried to spread Christianity. The Aztec Empire 6. Aztec Society Tenochtitlan 7. The Inca Empire Conquistadors 8. Atahualpa Hernan Cortes 9. Francisco Pizarro Moctezuma 10. Inca Society

22. 700 Answer The king, priests, and government officials made up the upper class. For the lower class, most were farmers, artisans, or servants. There were no slaves in Inca society. Lower-class men and women farmed on government lands, served in the army, worked in mines, and built roads. Parents taught their children how to work, so most children didn’t go to school. But some carefully chosen young girls did go to school to learn weaving, cooking, and religion. Then they were sent to serve the king or work in the temple in Cuzco. Lower-class Incas lived outside Cuzco in small houses. By law they had to wear plain clothes. Also, they couldn’t own more goods than they needed. The Aztec Empire 6. Aztec Society Tenochtitlan 7. The Inca Empire Conquistadors 8. Atahualpa Hernan Cortes 9. Francisco Pizarro Moctezuma 10. Inca Society

23. 800 Answer 1466–1520 - He ruled the Aztec Empire at its height, but he also contributed to its downfall. The tribute he demanded from neighboring tribes made the Aztecs unpopular. In addition, his belief that Cortés was Quetzalcoatl allowed Cortés to capture him and eventually conquer the empire. The Aztec Empire 6. Aztec Society Tenochtitlan 7. The Inca Empire Conquistadors 8. Atahualpa Hernan Cortes 9. Francisco Pizarro Moctezuma 10. Inca Society

24. 900 Answer 1502–1533 - He was the last Inca king. He was brave and popular with the Inca army, but he didn’t rule for long. A Spanish friar offered him a religious book to convince him he should accept Christianity. He held the book to his ear and listened to it. When the book didn’t speak, he threw it on the ground. The Spaniards used this as a reason to attacks. The Aztec Empire 6. Aztec Society Tenochtitlan 7. The Inca Empire Conquistadors 8. Atahualpa Hernan Cortes 9. Francisco Pizarro Moctezuma 10. Inca Society

25. 1000 Answer 1475–1541 - He organized expeditions to explore the west coast of South America. His first two trips were mostly unsuccessful. But on his third trip, his luck changed. With only about 180 men, he conquered the Inca Empire, which had been weakened by disease and civil war. In 1535 he founded Lima, the capital of modern Peru. The Aztec Empire 6. Aztec Society Tenochtitlan 7. The Inca Empire Conquistadors 8. Atahualpa Hernan Cortes 9. Francisco Pizarro Moctezuma 10. Inca Society

26. G7 Chapter 16 The Age of Exploration (1400-1650)

27. G7C16 Key Terms and People

28. 100 Answer (c. 1480–1521) Portuguese explorer who sailed for Spain, his crew was the first to circumnavigate (go all the way around) the globe. Christopher Columbus Ferdinand Magellan The Columbian Exchange Mercantilism Capitalism

29. 200 Answer This was the process of plants and animals that were traded from the Old World to the New World and from the New World to the Old World. Christopher Columbus Ferdinand Magellan The Columbian Exchange Mercantilism Capitalism

30. 300 Answer (1451–1506) Italian sailor supported by the rulers of Spain, he reached the Americas in 1492. Christopher Columbus Ferdinand Magellan The Columbian Exchange Mercantilism Capitalism

31. 400 Answer an economic system in which individuals and private businesses run most industries Christopher Columbus Ferdinand Magellan The Columbian Exchange Mercantilism Capitalism

32. 500 Answer a system in which a government controls all economic activity in a country and its colonies to make the government stronger and richer Christopher Columbus Ferdinand Magellan The Columbian Exchange Mercantilism Capitalism

33. 600 Answer (1451–1506) Italian sailor supported by the rulers of Spain, he reached the Americas in 1492. Christopher Columbus Ferdinand Magellan The Columbian Exchange Mercantilism Capitalism

34. 700 Answer (c. 1480–1521) Portuguese explorer who sailed for Spain, his crew was the first to circumnavigate (go all the way around) the globe. Christopher Columbus Ferdinand Magellan The Columbian Exchange Mercantilism Capitalism

35. 800 Answer an economic system in which individuals and private businesses run most industries Christopher Columbus Ferdinand Magellan The Columbian Exchange Mercantilism Capitalism

36. 900 Answer a system in which a government controls all economic activity in a country and its colonies to make the government stronger and richer Christopher Columbus Ferdinand Magellan The Columbian Exchange Mercantilism Capitalism

37. 1000 Answer This was the process of plants and animals that were traded from the Old World to the New World and from the New World to the Old World. Christopher Columbus Ferdinand Magellan The Columbian Exchange Mercantilism Capitalism

38. G7 Chapter 17 Enlightenment and Revolution (1642-1800)

39. G7C17 Key Terms and People

40. 100 Answer 1694–1778 ___________ is the pen name of the French philosopher and author François-Marie Arouet. He used his wit, intelligence, and sense of justice to poke fun at religious intolerance. _________ skill and bold ideas made him a popular writer. In his writings he argued that the purpose of life is the pursuit of human happiness through progress in science and the arts. Enlightenment 6. Separation of Powers Voltaire 7. Jean-Jacques Rousseau John Locke 8. Popular Sovereignty Natural Rights 9. Benjamin Franklin Charles-Louis Montesuieu 10. English Bill of Rights

41. 200 Answer the idea that every man should have the right to be able to think and to worship as they please Enlightenment 6. Separation of Powers Voltaire 7. Jean-Jacques Rousseau John Locke 8. Popular Sovereignty Natural Rights 9. Benjamin Franklin Charles-Louis Montesuieu 10. English Bill of Rights

42. 300 Answer (1706–1790) American colonial leader, he argued that the British government had no right to tax the colonists because they had no representation in Parliament. He is the $100 bill man! Enlightenment 6. Separation of Powers Voltaire 7. Jean-Jacques Rousseau John Locke 8. Popular Sovereignty Natural Rights 9. Benjamin Franklin Charles-Louis Montesuieu 10. English Bill of Rights

43. 400 Answer When did he live? 1632–1704 Where did he live? England and the Netherlands What did he do? He worked as a professor, physician, and government official. He wrote about the human mind, science, government, religion, and other topics. Why is he important? He believed in the right of common people to think and worship as they pleased and to own property. He also had great faith in science and people’s basic goodness. Not everyone liked his ideas. At one point he fled to Holland to avoid arrest by political enemies. His ideas have inspired political reforms in the West for some 300 years. Enlightenment 6. Separation of Powers Voltaire 7. Jean-Jacques Rousseau John Locke 8. Popular Sovereignty Natural Rights 9. Benjamin Franklin Charles-Louis Montesuieu 10. English Bill of Rights

44. 500 Answer (1712–1778) French philosopher, he believed in popular sovereignty and the social contract between citizens and their governments. Enlightenment 6. Separation of Powers Voltaire 7. Jean-Jacques Rousseau John Locke 8. Popular Sovereignty Natural RIghts 9. Benjamin Franklin Charles-Louis Montesuieu 10. English Bill of Rights

45. 600 Answer The idea that governments should express the will of the people. Enlightenment 6. Separation of Powers Voltaire 7. Jean-Jacques Rousseau John Locke 8. Popular Sovereignty Natural Rights 9. Benjamin Franklin Charles-Louis Montesuieu 10. English Bill of Rights

46. 700 Answer This was a period during the 1600s and 1700s when reason was used to guide people’s thoughts about society, politics, and philosophy. Enlightenment 6. Separation of Powers Voltaire 7. Jean-Jacques Rousseau John Locke 8. Popular Sovereignty Natural Rights 9. Benjamin Franklin Charles-Louis Montesuieu 10. English Bill of Rights

47. 800 Answer A document approved in 1689 that listed rights for Parliament and the English people and drew on the principles of the Magna Carta. Enlightenment 6. Separation of Powers Voltaire 7. Jean-Jacques Rousseau John Locke 8. Popular Sovereignty Natural Rights 9. Benjamin Franklin Charles-Louis Montesuieu 10. English Bill of Rights

48. 900 Answer (1689–1755) French Enlightenment thinker, he believed that government should be divided into separate branches to protect people’s freedom. Enlightenment 6. Separation of Powers Voltaire 7. Jean-Jacques Rousseau John Locke 8. Popular Sovereignty Natural Rights 9. Benjamin Franklin Charles-Louis Montesuieu 10. English Bill of Rights

49. 1000 Answer Government is separated into branches to balance authority. Enlightenment 6. Separation of Powers Voltaire 7. Jean-Jacques Rousseau John Locke 8. Popular Sovereignty Natural Rights 9. Benjamin Franklin Charles-Louis Montesuieu 10. English Bill of Rights

50. G7 Chapter 17 Enlightenment and Revolution (1642-1800)