8 Programming Concepts You Should Know

1. 8 Programming Concepts You Should Know in 2017

2. If you want to get into coding, there are chances that you’ll come across several problems that could be discouraging, mainly in tutorials owing to your lack of previous experiences in programming. Even the programming classes for beginners might appear difficult if you are not aware of the below-mentioned basic programming concepts. • Initially, several questions come to mind. Like how to do programming or which programming courses for Beginners could be helpful. There are several online sources that would help you with the later question; here we shall discuss the former query.

3. What is computer programming? • Computer programming or in short programming is a process that leads to a formulation of a computing problem to be run by computer programs. A source code is written in one or many programminglanguages. • Top 8 Programming Concepts You Should Know in 2017 for beginners: • 1. Variables • I want to start with first programming concepts as a variable. They are like boxes can hold various things at various times. This is one of the most basic elements of programming. In short, a way to refer something such that you could use it in a line of code: • You might develop a variable to store age of a person and call it ‘age’ • May develop a variable to store user’s name and call it ‘username’ • You can develop a variable to count how many times a thing happened and call it ‘counter’

4. 2. Strings, integers and other types of data • A string is a series of characters. • You have different types of variables, which keep on changing. The basic types include: • Numbers — integers and floats (they have decimal places) • Text — basically called strings and indicated by quotation marks, e.g.“17 August” • Lists or arrays indicated by square brackets and commas, e.g. [“Manchester”, “Glasgow”, “Paris”] • Dictionaries or dicts normally mentioned by curly brackets, colons and commas, e.g. {“Age” : 23, “Name”: “Jane”} • This is important as problems could occur when code gets information in a wrong format. For instance, you can’t do a calculation with strings, or in several cases, mix text with numbers.

5. 3.classes and #ids and selectors • Selectors like .nav permits you to find or control items in a web page. • HTML code applies the class= and id= to identify particular types of content and make it possible to edit with other code. For instance, you might have such a code in a web page: • <div class=”article”> • <ul class=”nav”> • <h2 class=”subhead”> • <div id=”footer”> • There are about 3 ways in which, these classes and ids become useful: • They can be styled by making use of CSS • It could be identified and written using languages like Ruby, Python, and PHP

6. 4. Functions, methods • Functions and methods are like titles. You only need to provide the ingredients. • Functions and methods are basically one-word formulae to perform things that would otherwise take several lines of code. For instance: • len in certain languages means ‘give me a length of the thing I specify’ • split in certain languages means ‘split this thing into one or many based on a criteria I specify’ • To do that, the function requires an ingredient called an argument or parameter, and the method is fixed to an ingredient called an object. • The difference between methods and functions is minute and can’t be explored here. • One basic useful thing about functions is that you could define your own in your code. • Other functions can be used in the programming concepts or languages from the beginning.

7. 5. Arguments or parameters • Arguments are necessary to make your formula. • Functions and methods need ingredients to work, each called an argument or parameter. • These appear in parentheses that follow the name of the function.E.g. • len(“Paul”) • len(myname) • The len function will give you the length of whatever argument is mentioned in the parentheses. • In the first instance, there is a string “Paul”. The result here is 4 (4 characters). • In the second instance the argument is a variable — myname — so the result will vary based on what that variable has at that moment. If myname is “Bradshaw”, the result will be 8 (8 characters). • Some functions and methods use above one parameter, each one separated by a comma. And some parameters are optional. At several times, the parentheses are left empty like so: ready (). Again, this should be mentioned in the docum

8. 6. Libraries • Libraries are for collections of many functions and methods which help you to do more than you can with only the basics of the coding language. • If you consider a problem, it appears as if someone has created a library to deal with it: sketching a map; getting information from a number of web pages; transforming a document; creating animations or effects. • Hence, there is a useful tip to search for your problem, the language you’re learning or using, and the word ‘library’, e.g. ‘javascript mapping library’.

9. 7. Objects • With our final concept from top programming concepts Objects, I think after it you are reddy to learn new language. • Lego objects could only be used with another lego objects, and not with Duplo objects. • The trem ‘object’ in programming is something which could be edited or used in some way by the program, like a variable that has an age, name, list, etc. • When the term ‘object’ is preceded by another it could be annoying. For instance, you must have read about a ‘jQuery object’ or an ‘lxml object’. • When objects are described such a way it means that the object in question can be modified or used by code from a library: • jQuery methods, could be used on a ‘jQuery object’; lxml methods could be used on a ‘lxml object’. • How do they become such an object? There is basically a point in the program where a variable is made into a ‘jQuery object’, ‘lxml object’ etc.