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Sonnets

Sonnets. Poetry Vocabulary. Stanza: a group of consecutive lines in a poem that form a single unit (it looks like a paragraph) Meter: regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry Couplet: two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme

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Sonnets

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  1. Sonnets

  2. Poetry Vocabulary • Stanza: a group of consecutive lines in a poem that form a single unit (it looks like a paragraph) • Meter: regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry • Couplet: two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme • Volta: the shift in thought—from question to answer, or problem to solution (usually contains the words “but” or “yet”)

  3. Poetry Vocabulary Continued • Quatrain: a stanza that has 4 lines • Octave: a stanza that has 8 lines • Sestet: a stanza that has 6 lines • Iambic pentameter: line of poetry that contains 10 syllables, alternating in an unstressed/stressed pattern

  4. What is a sonnet? • Sonnets are poems that meet the following requirements: • 14 lines long • Written in iambic pentameter (most of the time) • Follow a set rhyme scheme • Contains a “shift” (Volta) located at a certain point of the poem

  5. There are 3 types of sonnets: • Petrarchan (also known as Italian): Named after the Italian poet, Francesco Petrarch • Shakespearean: Named after William Shakespeare • Spenserian: Named after Edmund Spenser

  6. Petrarchan (Italian) Sonnet • Made up of an octave (8 lines) and a sestet (6 lines) • The octave rhyme scheme: abbaabba • The sestet rhyme scheme: cdecde, cdcdcdor cdedce • The shift comes in between the octave and the sestet Petrarchan (Italian) A B B A Octave (8 lines) A B B A Volta (shift) C D E C Sestet (6 lines) D E

  7. Petrarchan (Italian) Sonnets Continued… • The octave typically: • Presents a narrative • States a proposition • Or raises a question • The sestet: • drives home the narrative by making an abstract comment • applies the proposition • or solves the problem.

  8. Shakespearean Sonnets • Made up of 3 quatrains (4 lines) and one couplet (2 lines) • The quatrain rhyme scheme: ababcdcdefef • The couplet rhyme scheme: gg • The shift comes either after 8 lines or 10 lines Shakespearean A B A B C D C 3 quatrains D E F The Volta (shift) E F G Rhyming G Couplet

  9. Shakespearean Sonnets Continued… • Each quatrain develops a specific idea that is still related to the other quatrains • The Shakespearean sonnet has the easiest rhyme scheme

  10. Spenserian Sonnet • Similar to the Shakespearean sonnet because it has 3 quatrains (4 lines) and 1 couplet (2 lines), but it complicates the rhyme scheme by linking the quatrains • Quatrain rhyme scheme: ababbcbccdcd • Couplet rhyme scheme: ee • This type of sonnet is very rare among modern poets

  11. More poetry terms (pg. 1019) • Narrative poem and lyric poem can be found by looking up “poetry” • Symbolism is the same thing as symbol • Denotation means the dictionary definition of a word • We will go over fixed-form and free-form poems later

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