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Chapter 2

Chapter 2. In Brief…. Chapter 2. …Is a little boring. Sorry. But it contains material you need to be familiar with. Terms. Bandwidth - how much you can send through a connection Bps - bits per second Kbps - 1000 bps Mbps - 1000 Kbps Gbps – 1000 Mbps. Technology.

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Chapter 2

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  1. Chapter 2 In Brief…

  2. Chapter 2 • …Is a little boring. Sorry. • But it contains material you need to be familiar with

  3. Terms • Bandwidth - how much you can send through a connection • Bps - bits per second • Kbps - 1000 bps • Mbps - 1000 Kbps • Gbps – 1000 Mbps

  4. Technology http://pirate.shu.edu/~hoffmake/Bandwidth_cht.html

  5. SPAM • Don’t open it • Don’t answer it • Discourage your friends from doing so • Filter it if possible • Never send UCE! • Unsolicited Commercial Email • SPAM at IU?http://kb.iu.edu/data/alfb.html

  6. The rest of CH 2 • Is mostly basic, so we’re not going to cover it in lecture • However, you will be expected to be familiar with any terms and ideas introduced in it

  7. Hardware – The System Unit

  8. Representing Information • A Bit: the unit of information in a computer. • Computers "process" electric currents (electrical events). • The current is either "on" (=1) or "off" (=0) in a particular circuit at a particular time. • This gives rise to the binary system for storing information. • Each transistor in a computer's memory can hold one bit of information (either a 0 or a 1).

  9. Representing Information • Basic Measures for Information Capacity • The information capacity of a storage deviced is measured in multiples of bits. • Bit: 0 or 1. • Byte: 8 bits. Can represent one of 2^8 = 256 numbers. • Kilobyte: Kilo (thousand) + byte: 2^10 bytes = 1,024 bytes. • Megabyte: Mega (million) + byte: 2^20 bytes = roughly a million bytes. • Gigabyte: Giga (billion) + byte: 2^30 bytes = roughly a billion bytes. • Terabyte: Tera (trillion) + byte: 2^40 bytes = roughly a trillion bytes. • Petabyte: Peta (quadrillion) + byte: 2^50 bytes = roughly a quadrillion bytes = 1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes.

  10. Representing Information • Information • Information as we think of it is data with meaning: text, pictures, sounds. • Information as the computer knows it is bit strings: strings of bits (e.g. "10011101010"). • Information as we know it is encoded in a computer using bit strings. • An encoding is an agreed-upon standard that dictates the specifics of how the information is represented using 0s and 1s. • Example: ASCII is a widely-used text encoding standard. Under this encoding, each letter & digit & punctuation mark is assigned an 8-bit code which represents it. (How many possible such codes are there?) • Newer (more comprehensive) standard for text encoding: UNICODE.

  11. Hardware • The rest of the lecture is found at the following web page: • http://www.cs.indiana.edu/classes/a111/lecture2.html • We’ll be covering this material over the next few lectures

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