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The Rise of Absolute Monarchy in France

Explore the power dynamics and political intrigue of the Bourbon dynasty in France, from the reign of Louis XIII to Louis XIV, the Sun King. Learn how Cardinal Richelieu and Mazarin influenced royal authority, Versailles as a symbol of monarchical power, wars of expansion, and the impact of Louis XIV's policies on religious and political affairs. Dive into the lavish lifestyle at Versailles, the Bourbon family crest, and the legacy of Colbert's mercantilist policies.

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The Rise of Absolute Monarchy in France

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  1. The Rise of Absolute Monarchy in France The World of the Bourbons

  2. Do Clothes Make the Man? How is power expressed in what leaders wear in public?

  3. The Bourbon Kings of France - Louis XIII • Henri IV (Navarre) the first Bourbon King… assassinated! • Louis XIII becomes king at (8) in 1610 • Queen Marie de Medici was Regent until 1617 • Louis XIII assumed control at age 15… plots, plots and more plots • Cardinal Richelieu is Chief Minister 1624-1642

  4. Cardinal Richelieu • Chief Minister of Louis XIII… shrewd!! • Strengthened the monarchy at nobles expense • Huguenot Policy • ↓ political & military rights = ↑royal control • Kept religious rights in tact • Security for the Throne = #1 Priority • Spies to foil plots by nobles • Domestic intelligence to maintain control

  5. Marie Theresa & the Dauphin

  6. Louis XIV The Sun King

  7. L’ouis XIV & Cardinal Mazarin • Louis XIV is declared King at age 5 • Queen Anne [mom] is Regent + Mazarin is PM • Mazarin ↑ France & royal power via policy, conflict & treaty

  8. Louis XIV & the La Fronde Revolt • Revolts by nobles…La Fronde • Crushed in 1652 • Leads to greater royal authority via new tactics… • Work through the nobility to gain greater power for the monarch!

  9. Louis XIV the Sun King • Mazarin dies 1661… Louis XIV assumes sole power at 23 • Moved Court to Versailles: why? • Served personally by nobility and monitored royals • Dominated decision making • Dictated his own foreign policy • Monitored domestic policy via bribery and favors “L’etat, c’est moi”

  10. Louis XIV the Sun King • King above Church • Persecuted Jansenist sect of RC • Went along with Papal policy • Went against Gallican Liberty idea • Revoked Edict of Nantes • Anti-Huguenot policy • Influenced by Madame Maintenon • Huguenots flee >> anti-French factions… impact? L’etat, c’est moi

  11. Wars of Louis XIV the Sun King • French Expansion & Security • War of the Devolution > Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle: gained land in Spanish Netherlands • Treaty of Dover (E+F v. N) >> Peace of Nijmwegen >> ↑land • War of Spanish Succession • Bourbon on Sp. Throne?? • Leads to ↑European border stability L’etat, c’est moi

  12. The Bourbon Family Crest

  13. Louis XIII’s Old Chateau

  14. Versailles: Home of the "Sun King" By: Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY adapted by Mr. Reiner Kolodinski

  15. The Sun Symbol

  16. Palais de Versailles

  17. Garden View of Versailles

  18. Chateau de Versailles

  19. Chateau de Versailles

  20. Versailles Palace,Park Side

  21. Versailles’ Northern Gardens

  22. Gardens at Versailles

  23. Chateau de Versailles Gardens

  24. André Le Nôtre, Royal Gardener

  25. Grounds at Versailles

  26. Fountains, Fountains, and More Fountains!

  27. And More Fountains!

  28. And More Fountains!

  29. And Even More Fountains!!!

  30. Temple of Love

  31. The Orangery

  32. The Gallery of Battles

  33. Hall ofMirrors

  34. The King’s Bed The Queen’s Bed

  35. Louis XIV’s Chapel

  36. Louis XIV’s Chapel Altarpiece

  37. Organ in Louis XIV’s Chapel

  38. Louis XIV’s Opera Stage

  39. L’ ouis XIV as Apollo by Jean Nocret, 1670

  40. Cabinet with Views of Versailles, 19c

  41. Louis XIV Furniture

  42. Louis XIV’s Carriage

  43. Louis XIV by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, 1665

  44. Versailles Statistics • 2,000 acres of grounds • 12 miles of roads • 27 miles of trellises • 200,000 trees • 210,000 flowers planted every year • 80 miles of rows of trees • 55 acres surface area of the Grand Canal • 12 miles of enclosing walls • 50 fountains and 620 fountain nozzles • 21 miles of water conduits • 3,600 cubic meters per hour: water consumed • 26 acres of roof • 51,210 square meters of floors • 2,153 windows • 700 rooms • 67 staircases • 6,000 paintings • 1,500 drawings and 15,000 engravings • 2,100 sculptures • 5,000 items of furniture and objects d'art • 150 varieties of apple and peach trees in the Vegetable Garden

  45. Jean-Baptiste Colbert - Finance Minister • Mercantilism • Acquire Bullion (G + S) • Export > Imports • Domestic Industrial development via subsidy • Infrastructure development • Protective Tariffs • Colonies serve France • Expansion pursued • For new markets & resources

  46. Louis XV [r. 1715 – 1774]

  47. The “Hunts” of Louis XV

  48. Madame de Pompadour

  49. Madame de Pompadour’s Bedroom

  50. Petite Trianon,Madame de Pompadour’s Chateau

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