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Klimat, środowisko, energia czyli o efekcie cieplarnianym

Klimat, środowisko, energia czyli o efekcie cieplarnianym. Grzegorz Karwasz Didactics of Physics Division University Nicolaus Copernicus. Toruń , 26 . 04 .20 18. Greenhouse effect?. “ greenhouse effect or natural changes?”. +5 º C. 0. -5 º C. N atural variations (astronom ical ).

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Klimat, środowisko, energia czyli o efekcie cieplarnianym

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  1. Klimat, środowisko, energiaczyli o efekcie cieplarnianym Grzegorz Karwasz Didactics of Physics Division University Nicolaus Copernicus Toruń, 26.04.2018

  2. Greenhouse effect?

  3. “greenhouse effect or natural changes?” +5ºC 0 -5ºC

  4. Natural variations (astronomical) Milankovic’s cycles

  5. Natural variations (astronomical) O18= temp.

  6. Burning biomass Burning biomass releases carbon emissions, around a quarter higher than burning coal, but has been classed as a "renewable" energy source in the EU and UN legal frameworks, because plants can be regrown. Using biomass as a fuel produces air polution in the form of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, N2O, NO, NO2(nitrogen oxides), VOCs (volatile organic compounds), particulates and other pollutants at levels above those from traditional fuel sources such as coal or natural gas A cogeneration plant in Metz, France. The station uses waste wood biomass as an energy source, and provides electricity and heat for 30,000 dwellings. By Bava Alcide57 at English Wikipedia,CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=31765539 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass

  7. Thermodynamics: energy balance 1. reflection = albedo

  8. Energy balance 2. absorption ~0% in visible range

  9. Bilans energetyczny ↑ → → → → ← → ↓ T = 5500 K T= 300 K

  10. Energy balance: black body

  11. Emission in IR, absorption in VIS T= 300 K T = 5500 K

  12. Energy balance with atmosphere T = 5500 K T= 300 K

  13. Bilans energetyczny

  14. Bilancio energetico

  15. Bilancio energetico

  16. „feather blanket” = water vapour + carbon dioxide assorbimento di calore H2O: -18°C →+15°C CO2: +15°C →+???

  17. corelation CO2 ↔ temperature ? YES!

  18. Antropogenic greenhouse effect = CO2 !

  19. Greenhouse effect ? Yes!

  20. Greenhouse effect = warming, but not uniform

  21. Greenhouse effect = drougths (where it is already dry) Nature, 28.03.2002, p. 390 Variazione di precipitazioni (da 1976)

  22. Greenhouse effect = violent climate (thunder storms) Oklahoma 05/2003 Totale: 442

  23. Greenhouse effect = variable climate Oklahoma 08/2000 USA ‘95-96

  24. Effetto serra = clima violento !

  25. Mountain glaciers

  26. Fig. 2 Trends in arctic sea ice through time and space.Annual minimum sea-ice extent (A) has declined dramatically from 1979 to 2012. Arctic glaciers E Post et al. Science 2013;341:519-524 Published by AAAS

  27. Fig. 1 Observed and projected changes in annual temperature and precipitation.(Top) Climatic Research Unit (CRU) observations (which are available only over land), calculated as 1986–2005 minus 1956–1975. Future? N S Diffenbaugh, and C B Field Science 2013;341:486-492 Published by AAAS

  28. Carbon balance [Gt]: ½ ↑ 5% Zasoby całkowite:

  29. Carbone: 202 ANNI Gas : 55 ANNI Petrolio: Daily consumption: 2,3 mln barels resourced: 27 bln barels ?? = 37 years !! “Nature”, 20.11.2002

  30. Petrol balance ↔ petrol prices

  31. C a r b o n i o ↓ ↓ Effetto serra, inquinamento etc. 1. Eliminare carbonio ! Carbone = 100% Benzina (C6H14) ≈ 50% Metano (CH4) ≈ 20% Idrogeno (H2) ≈ 0% 2. Energie rinnovabili

  32. Energy in last century Analysis 1995

  33. Nuclear energy

  34. Nuclear energy – hidden costs Nuclear: 60 $/barile 100-120 $/barile

  35. Wind power Ø 10m → 20-30 kW Ø 90m → 3 MW (Vestas) = 1000 housholds

  36. Wind power London offshore 314 x 3.6 MW = 1 GW Sund offshore: 48x2.3 MW = 110 MW (60 tys. gospodarstw domowych)

  37. Eolic - total

  38. Wind power (2.5%)

  39. Geotermic Geotermica (Pozzuoli)

  40. Geothermic - total Pozzuoli (Volterra) Energy flux: 65mW/m2

  41. Renewable energy - costs 2006 2014 15 $/barile 12 $/barile 25 $/barile 25 $/barile 15 $/barile 18 $/barile 15 $/barile 20 $/barile 40-45 $/barile Petrol: 30 $/barile Nuclear: 60 $/barile 100-120 $/barile

  42. Electricity from biomass Trends in the top five countries generating electricity from biomass USA: 11 GW (1.4%) electricity production By Plazak - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=29478953

  43. Thorium based nuclear reactor (C. Rubbia) • 90Th232 (T1/2=1.405×1010 y) + n → 233Th → 91Pa233 + e- • 233Pa → 92U233 • 92U233 + n → fission Wikipedia

  44. Shale gas? Big environmental damage! Physics World, 12.03.2012

  45. Prognoza (Physics World, 2012)

  46. Globalne zmiany klimatu e fattore Uomo ? Dziękuję!

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