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Vertebrates

Vertebrates. Linnea Kirby, Michelle Duffy, and  Adrienne Vergith-Hill. Vertebrate Evolution. Chordates. notochord dorsal hollow nerve cord muscular post-anal tail pharyngeal slits or clefts deuterostomes. Craniates. neural crest  genetically complex pharyngeal clefts.

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Vertebrates

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  1. Vertebrates Linnea Kirby, Michelle Duffy, and  Adrienne Vergith-Hill

  2. Vertebrate Evolution

  3. Chordates • notochord • dorsal hollow nerve cord • muscular post-anal tail • pharyngeal slits or clefts • deuterostomes

  4. Craniates • neural crest  • genetically complex • pharyngeal clefts

  5. What is a vertebrate?  • internal bony skeleton  • sub phylum of Chordata • notochord evolved into spinal cord

  6. Lampreys • Oldest living lineage of vertebrates • Live in marine and freshwater environments • Parasitic to fish

  7. 3 Types  chondrichthyes first lineage gnathostomes cartilaginous  must constantly swim in order to survive ray-finned  fish first lineage of osteichthyans operculum (gill cover) swim bladder 2-chambered hearts lobe-finned fish possibly predecessors of tetrapods Fish

  8. Amphibians • first lineage of tetrapods • amphibians means "two lives" • found in damp habitats • 3-chambered heart x x x

  9. Amniotes • have an amniotic egg • amniotic egg has extraembryoic membranes • function in gas exchange • waste storage • transfer of stored nutrients to embryo • 4 membranes • allantois • amnion • chorion • yolk sac

  10. Reptiles • first lineage of amniotes •  have scales  • needs to use its lungs for air exchange • waterproof barrier to prevent dehydration • ectothermic • 3-chambered heart

  11. Reptiles cont. — Birds • endothermic • hollow bones • help with flight    • flight • feathers - made out of same protein as scales • 4-chambered heart

  12. Mammals • amniotes that have hair and produce milk •  4-chambered heart •  3 subgroups • monotremes • lay eggs • only found in Australia and New Guinea • don't have nipples • marsupials • higher metabolic rate • pouch • eutherians (placental mammals) • longer period of pregnancy • embryonic development in uterus

  13. Humans • bipedal hominoid with a large brain • different than hominids

  14. Picture Citations "Baby Kangaroo - Cute Kangaroo Pictures." Crazy Videos, Funny Videos, Funny Pictures, Flash Games, Guzer.com. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://www.guzer.com/pictures/baby_kangaroo.php>. "Blue Poison Dart Frog." National Aquarium, Baltimore | Home. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://www.aqua.org/animals_bluepoisondartfrog.html>. Campbell, Neil A. Biology. [S.l.]: Benjamin-Cummings, 2005. Print. "Chimpanzee and Tiger - Best Friends | FunTim." FunTim Fun Images and Cool Photos. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://www.funtim.com/dgb.html>. "Chordate." Virtual Microscope Home Page. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/1116/chordate.htm>. "Dartfrogforums.com - Dart Frog Forums." Tech Blog. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://newverhost.com/reports/69/69/663/dartfrogforums_com.html>. "Echidna Spikes Poll as Cutest Aussie Animal." The Lab AU | VetShopAustralia.com.au Blog. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://vetshoplab.blogspot.com/2011/01/echidna-spikes-poll-as-cutest-aussie.html>. NOAA Coral Reef Information System (CoRIS) Home Page. US Department of Commerce. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://coris.noaa.gov/>. "NOAA Ocean Explorer: Pacific Hagfish." NOAA, Ocean Explorer. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/lewis_clark01/logs/jul08/media/hagfish.html>. "Oops: Cell Shows Up a Billion Years Early | Bob Enyart Live." Home | Bob Enyart Live. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://kgov.com/bel/20100903>. "Phyla Class Animal Diversity." Quia. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://www.quia.com/jg/1962577list.html>. "Reptiles: Animals with Scales." Kidport Home Page. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://www.kidport.com/reflib/science/animals/reptiles.htm>. "Shark Behind Scuba Divers Photo Hoax." Latest Email Hoaxes - Current Internet Scams - Hoax-Slayer. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://www.hoax-slayer.com/shark-behind-divers.shtml>. "Stephanie Lisa Tara's Blog." Social Moms: the Influential Moms Network. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://www.socialmoms.net/profiles/blog/list?user=3u3flc1v7aj7q>.

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