Embracing Entrepreneurship in a Tech-Driven World

1. Section II Store Your Bricks An Idea Whose Time Has Come Victor Hugo① once remarked: “You can resist an invading army; you cannot resist an idea whose time has come.” Today entrepreneurship is such an idea.

2. Section II Store Your Bricks The triumph of entrepreneurship is driven by profound technological change. A trio of inventions—the personal computer, the mobile phone and the Internet—is democratising entrepreneurship at a cracking pace. Today even cash-strapped innovators can reach markets that were once the prerogative of giant organizations.

3. Section II Store Your Bricks The Internet provides a cheap platform for entrepreneurs to build interactive businesses. Meg Whitman② grew rich by developing an online marketplace, eBay, where people could buy and sell without ever meeting. An army of pyjama-clad bloggers has repeatedly outsmarted long-established newspapers on breaking stories. Automated news-collecting services such as Real Clear Politics and Memeorandum, using tiny amounts of capital, have established themselves as indispensable tools for news junkies.

4. Section II Store Your Bricks The development of “cloud computing” is giving small outfits yet more opportunity to enjoy the advantages of big organizations with none of the sunk costs. People running small businesses, whether they are in their own offices or in a hotel half-way round the world, can use personal computers or laptops to gain access to sophisticated business services.

5. Section II Store Your Bricks The mobile phone has been almost as revolutionary. About 3.3 billion people, or half the world's population, already have access to one. The technology has allowed entrepreneurs to break into what used to be one of the world's most regulated markets, telecoms. And many developing countries have been able to leapfrog rich ones by going straight to mobile phones, cutting out landlines.

6. Section II Store Your Bricks Thanks to the combination of touch-screen technology and ever faster wireless networks, the mobile phone is becoming the platform of choice for techno-entrepreneurs. Since July last year Apple has allowed third parties to post some 20,000 programs or applications on its “app store”, allowing phones to do anything from identifying the singer of a song on the radio to imitating the sound of flatulence. So far around 500m “apps” have been downloaded for about a dollar a time.

7. Section II Store Your Bricks These developments have been reinforced by broad cultural changes that have brought entrepreneurialism into the mainstream. An activity that was once regarded as peripheral, perhaps even reprehensible, has become cool, celebrated by politicians and embraced by the rising generation.

8. Section II Store Your Bricks Britain's Oxford University used to nurture one of the longest traditions of anti-entrepreneurial prejudice in the world. The dons valued “gentlemanly” subjects such as classics or philosophy over anything that smacked of “utility”.

9. Section II Store Your Bricks The students dreamed of careers in the civil service or the law rather than business, still less entrepreneurship. “How I hate that man,” was the writer C.S. Lewis's tart comment on Lord Nuffield, his city's greatest entrepreneur and his university’s most generous benefactor.

10. Section II Store Your Bricks Today Oxford has a thriving business school, the Saïd School, with a centre for entrepreneurship and innovation and a growing business park that tries to mix the university's scientists with entrepreneurs. Oxford Entrepreneurs is one of the university's most popular societies, with 3, 600 student members and a record of creating about six start-ups a year.

11. Section II Store Your Bricks (创业精神的)时代已经到来 维克多·雨果说过：“人们能够抵御武装的入侵，却阻挡不住思想的渗透。”今天，创业精神遍地开花。

12. Section II Store Your Bricks 创业精神的成功来自深刻的技术革新。“发明三重奏”——个人电脑、移动电话和互联网，大大促进了创业精神的传播。甚至是资金缺乏的创新者也能进入那些曾经是大型企业式机构所独霸的市场。

13. Section II Store Your Bricks 互联网为创业者们进行互动业务提供了低价的平台。梅格·惠特曼的致富手段是建立了一个在线市场：eBay，在这里人们不用见面也可进行买卖。在突发新闻爆料的竞争中，一大群“业余”的博友们再三超越那些历史悠久的报纸。自动新闻搜集服务诸如RealClearPolitics 和 Memeorandum，虽投入不大，但已在新闻爱好者心目中树立了不可替代的地位。

14. Section II Store Your Bricks “云计算”技术的发展给予那些小型企业更多的机会享受那些大型企业所拥有的优势，而不用承担沉没成本。小型企业的运营者们能够使用个人电脑或笔记本享有完善的商业服务，不论是在办公室还是在旅行中的酒店里。

15. Section II Store Your Bricks 移动电话的出现几乎可被视为一场革命。33亿人拥有移动电话，约占世界总人口的50%。这项技术使得创业者们能够进入电信行业这个原先世界上管制最严格的市场。许多发展中国家直接越过了有线通信的阶段，在移动电话领域和发达国家并驾齐驱。

16. Section II Store Your Bricks 凭借触摸屏技术和更快的无线网络结合的优势，移动电话正变成许多“技术创业者”可选择的平台之一。去年7月份，苹果公司允许第三方将大约2万个程序或应用软件放在其“苹果商店”中，使得iPhone可以“无所不能”，从收音机播放歌曲的歌手身份识别到肠胃胀气声音的模仿。截至目前，人们已经从“苹果商店”里以每次1美元的价格下载了大约5亿次各种程序。

17. Section II Store Your Bricks 广泛的文化变革加强了技术发展，并使创业精神成了主流。过去被视为边缘化的甚至是应受谴责的行为已经变得很酷，并为政治家称赞，为年轻一代所喜爱。

18. Section II Store Your Bricks 英国牛津大学惯于培养该校 “创业精神偏见”，该偏见是牛津历史最悠久的传统之一。牛津的老师们重视那些具有“绅士特征”如学术名著或哲学，而不是带有“实用特征”味道的课程。（“他获得了做果酱的学位/不过是在利物浦和伯明翰”这种讽刺小调说明一切）。

19. Section II Store Your Bricks 牛津的学生们则梦想在政府或法律界开始自己的职业生涯，而不是从商，他们的创业精神略显不足。作家路易斯在对纳菲尔德勋爵刻薄挖苦中曾说道：“我是如此憎恶此人。”而纳菲尔德勋爵是伦敦最伟大的企业家，也是牛津最慷慨的赞助人。

20. Section II Store Your Bricks 如今牛津也有了蓬勃发展的商学院：塞德商学院。该学院有创业精神与创新中心，还拥有一家迅速成长的商业研究所，努力培养学校科学家与企业家的复合人才。牛津创业者联合会是学校最受欢迎的社团之一，拥有3600名学生会员，保持着年均创造6个创业项目的记录。

21. Section II Store Your Bricks Practice What You Learnt Task 1 Comprehension Check Choose the best answer according to the text.

22. Section II Store Your Bricks The author quoted the saying of Victor Hugo to prove that____________. A. Victor Hugo is a great writer B. entrepreneurship has been accepted by society C. dreams made human beings great D. the triumph of entrepreneurship is driven by profound technological change Answer B

23. Section II Store Your Bricks In which field have developing countries been able to exceed rich ones? A. The Internet. B. The cloud computing. C. The personal computer. D. The mobile phone. Answer D

24. Section II Store Your Bricks “He got degrees in making jam” may be a ditty in Oxford University because_______________. A. making jam has no profit B. the students dreamed of relaxing careers C. the majors that smacked of “utility” are less popular than those “Gentlemanly” ones D. making jam is such a easy major, not worth learning it Answer C

25. Section II Store Your Bricks Which of the following statements is UNTRUE? The quality of cash is no longer a deciding factor for a innovator to reach big markets. B. Even now self-employment is regarded as peripheral by most of people. C. Mobile phones can identify the singer of a song on the radio by a technical App. D. The writer C.S. Lewis 's position on majors is similar to Oxford University. Answer B

26. Section II Store Your Bricks Which of the following statements is NOT a description of Lord Nuffield according to the passage? A. A generous businessman. B. A great entrepreneur. C. He once cheated the writer C.S. Lewis. D. A benefactor for some universities. Answer C

27. Section II Store Your Bricks Task 2 Vocabulary and Sentences （1）Match the words on the left with their meanings on the right.

28. Section II Store Your Bricks A. open to criticism or rebuke; blameworthy ① cracking B. having or showing much worldly knowledge or cultural refinement ② junkie C. acting or capable of acting on each other ③ entrepreneurship ④combination D. the act of combining or the state of being combined ⑤reprehensible ⑥ interactive E. skill in starting new businesses, especially when this involves seeing new opportunities ⑦ profound F. not relating to the most important part of something; incidental,minor, or superficial ⑧ giant G. an exclusive right or privilege held by a person or group, especially a hereditary or official right ⑨ smack ⑩ sophisticated H. to have a taste, flavour, trace, or suggestion prerogative I. done with precision; smart peripheral K. remarkably or supernaturally large L. one who has an insatiable interest or devotion J. penetrating deeply into subjects or ideas

29. Section II Store Your Bricks （2）Complete the sentences with the words from above . Change the form if necessary. Vocabulary learning is an ____________ process between input and output. interactive click click combination These players made a very good ____________ . She set off at a __________ pace to Mr. Ramzan's Superstore. click cracking

30. Section II Store Your Bricks I'm like a _________wanting a proper fix these days. click junkie She was not _____________in any way-just a full-blood animal glowing with a love of life. click reprehensible In many countries education is still the ____________ of the rich. prerogative click

31. Section II Store Your Bricks click sophisticated Are you ______________ or superstitious? There is a _________ of recklessness in his character. click smack click His influence has been _________, but it has been indirect. profound

32. Section II Store Your Bricks The _______shovel is biting off big chunks from the hill. giant click They are related to _________________and innovations. What is needed are people who can think independently. entrepreneurship click We specialize in production and sale of FANS, UCHIWA and ___________ products. click peripheral

33. Section II Store Your Bricks (3) Rewrite the following sentences after the model. He gives us a lecture. The lecture is very tedious. such a tedious lecture How can he give us______________________? Click

34. Section II Store Your Bricks She is excused for a reason. The reason is very silly. How can she be excused__________________. such a silly reason click Don't attempt to do so much. The time is very short time. click in such a short time Don't attempt to do so much ____________________?

35. Section II Store Your Bricks Mr. Obama said Wednesday he would reach out to congressional leaders in coming days. have access to congressional leaders in coming days click Mr. Obama said Wednesday he would_______________ __________________________________.

36. Section II Store Your Bricks Below write down names and numbers of people you can reach out to. Below write down names and numbers of people you can _______________. click have access to Religious authorities and scholars are often motivated to explore and reach out to science. Religious authorities and scholars are often motivated to explore and _______________________. have access to science click

37. Section II Store Your Bricks Truth and devotion is to strengthen friendship. Friendship is to_________________________________. click be reinforced by truth and devotion

38. Section II Store Your Bricks The supervision by our news media and public opinion will be further strengthened in the future. The supervision by our news media and public _________________________________. click be further reinforced in the future Targeted learning programs, mentoring and coaching will strengthen this learning strategy. be reinforced by targeted learning programs, mentoring and coaching This learning strategy will _________________________ ________________________________________. click

39. Section II Store Your Bricks People consider Brooks as a trustworthy man. click regarded as a trustworthy man Brooks______________________________. People consider the majority of individual green house operations as small businesses. The majority of individual green house operations can _______________________________. be regarded as small businesses click

40. Section II Store Your Bricks People consider them to be a potential source of introduction of an exotic disease or parasite. beregarded as a potential source of introduction of an exotic disease or parasite click They should_____________________________________ _________________________________________.

41. Section II Store Your Bricks Task 3 Translation （1）Translate the following passage into Chinese. The companies which fail are those which have scattered their capital, which means that they have scattered their brains also. They have investments in this, or that, or the other, here there, and everywhere. “Don't put all your eggs in one basket.” is all wrong. I tell you to “put all your eggs in one basket, and then watch that basket.”

42. Section II Store Your Bricks Look round you and take notice, men who do that not often fail. It is easy to watch and carry the one basket. It is trying to carry too many baskets that breaks most eggs in this country. He who carries three baskets must put one on his head, which is apt to tumble（翻倒） and trip him up.

43. Section II Store Your Bricks 一些公司的失败就在于他们分散了资金，因为这就意味着分散了他们的精力。他们向这方面投资，又向那方面投资，到处都投资。“不要把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里”的说法大错特错。我要对你说：“把所有的鸡蛋都放在一个篮子里，然后小心地看好那个篮子。”

44. Section II Store Your Bricks 看看你周围，你会注意到这么做的人其实很少失败。看管和携带一个篮子并不太难。人们总是试图提很多篮子，所以才打破这个国家的大部分鸡蛋。提三个篮子的人，必须把一个顶在头上，而这个篮子很可能倒下来，还把他自己绊倒。

45. Section II Store Your Bricks (2)Translate the following Chinese into English. 成功的首要（prime）条件和最大秘诀就是：把你的精力、思想和资本全都集中在（concentrate...upon）你正从事的事业上。一旦从事某种职业，就要下定决心在那一领域闯出一片天地来，采纳每一点改进的意见，对专业知识熟稔于心。

46. Section II Store Your Bricks Here is the prime condition and the great secret of success concentrate your energy, thought, and capital exclusively upon the business in which you are engaged. Having begun in one line, resolve to fight it out on that line, adopt every improvement, and know the most about it.

47. Section II Store Your Bricks Task 4 Reading Aloud Read the whole text aloud until you have learnt them by heart. Then try to complete the passage from memory. click entrepreneurship Today_________________ has became a consensus in society. The triumph of it is driven by profound___________ change .________________ innovators can also develop markets that were proved difficult for them before. The_________ provides a cheap platform for entrepreneurs to build interactive businesses. The development of “________ computing” is very beneficial to entrepreneurs. click technological Cash strapped click click Internet click cloud

48. Section II Store Your Bricks In a sense, along with the appearance of mobile phone, many __________countries have been able to leapfrog rich ones . These developments have been__________ by broad cultural changes. Britain's _________ University, which once valued “ ____________ ” subjects over anything that smacked of “utility”, has a__________ business school now. click developing reinforced click Oxford click click gentlemanly click thriving