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P. LAURE 1 , G. BEAUME 1,2 and T. COUPEZ 2

Direct Numerical Simulation of Solid-Liquid Flow. P. LAURE 1 , G. BEAUME 1,2 and T. COUPEZ 2. ( A. Megally 2 , Th e sis July 2005). 3. 2. 1. Framework. Software. Numerical library : CIMLIB (H. Digonnet, L. Silva, J. Bruchon ) Finite Element Solveur C++ , MPI (parallelized)

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P. LAURE 1 , G. BEAUME 1,2 and T. COUPEZ 2

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  1. Direct Numerical Simulation of Solid-Liquid Flow P. LAURE1,G. BEAUME1,2and T. COUPEZ2 ( A. Megally2 , Thesis July 2005) 3 2 1

  2. Framework Software Numerical library : CIMLIB (H. Digonnet, L. Silva, J. Bruchon) • Finite Element Solveur • C++ , MPI (parallelized) • mesh partitionning • r-adaptation and h-adaptation (C. Gruau) Hardware EII (C. Torrin) • 3 clusters with 64 PC • MecaGrid Poject Monolithic, Multi-Domain, Finite Element methods

  3. Solid-Liquid flows Solid domain  rigid motion

  4. Fluid domain Fiber domain Characteristic Functions (1)  Description of several domains in a single mesh j = fluid or solid (fibers)

  5. Pixels in K Mesh cavity Swith on pixels Fiber domain Characteristic Functions (2) Update with voxelisation method  P0 approximation (VOF) Computation of characteristic function Voxelisation

  6. New Formulation in Solid Domain Rigid motion Boundaryconditions Stress tensor Penalization factor Lagrange multiplier

  7. Simplifications : • only penalization • no inertial effect • no gravity Weak Formulation Rigid motion constraint Mixing relation :

  8. ux uy Computation of Velocity field Penalization ~ 103l Periodic boundary conditions Shear rate

  9. Update solid domain (1) Transport Equation : discontinuous Galerkin method • numerical difusion • need r-adaptation • need more elements

  10. + + D D = = + + D D X O ( ( t t t t ) ) O X V V t t X X = i i O X 2 1 p i X X 2 1 O V Vector orientation Fiber center Update fiber position and orientation Particle method Langrangian updating X2 p VX2 O X1 VX1 Rigid motion VO Advantages • Perfect rigid motion of each fiber • Conservation of the length • No mumerical diffusion 10

  11. Numerical Procedure Voi Velocity field computation finite element method multi-domain approach (1W) Hydrodynamic Interaction Update particle positions Particle method Boundary conditions and collisions 1Wj • Numerical approach similar to Glowinski & Joseph’s modelling [Glowinski 1999] (Fictitious domain method for particulate flows) 11

  12. 2 p 1 T = ( bref + ) bref . g Single Fiber Motion in shear flow Isoline of characteristic function 2D Isoline of characteristic function 3D Shear flow, Periodic Cell Equivalent aspect ratio bref  computed  Find Jeffery's orbit for a shear flow Periodic motion -  Jeffery Evolution of  vs time 12

  13. Hydrodynamical Interactions It is not necessary to have an explicit form (as in [Yamane 1994] , [Fan 1998]) - drag forces - lubrication forces (short range interactions) The central particle moves due to hydrodynamic interactions The period of rotation changes Sphericals particles in Couette Flow 13

  14. Fij as OiOj Spheres – short-range hydr. forces (moderate concentration) Lubrication approximation : repulsion force exerted by j on i // • Modifies uiand moves Oi in the nij direction • Accurate computation needs a small region between two spheres depends on mesh

  15. i dij < 0 j a Examples with Spheres Particule update : Prevent the overlapping a = .005 t = 27 t = 30 15

  16. Examples with fibers No collision strategy 16

  17. 3D Computations Initial time Random orientation Fiber orientation in the shear direction

  18. Perspectives • Lagrange multiplier for rigid motion constraintimprove matrix conditioning • Lagrange multiplier for boundary condition (computations for homogenization studies)impose shear rate instead velocity on boundary • add repulsive forces in the weak formulation • use P1 approximation (« level set ») instead of P0 approximation (VOF) for characteristic functionsbetter description of the solid-liquid interface

  19. Other Examples (1) Interface capturing (O. Basset) : • Navier-Stokes and Levelset + Continuous Galerkin + reinitialization Hamilton-Jacobi • Mesh : 1,499,405 nodes and 8,740,205 elements • 600 time steps • 2 linear systems per increment of 6 millions of unknowns, and of 1.5 millions, respectively : a total of 4 billion and 500 million of unknowns • CPU time : 5 days and 6 hours on a computational grid with 33 processors

  20. Other Examples (2) Falling Sphere in air and liquid : (O. Basset, L. Silva, R. Valette) NS + Level set + Penalization Air rs/rl ~ 8 Liquid

  21. Other Examples (3) Solid objects in an oven ( C. Gruau) NS + Temperature (convection and diffusion) air Solid

  22. Temperature evolution Hot air exit

  23. Other Examples (4) Flow motion induces by moving bodies : (R. Valette, B. Hiroux) Stoke + VOF + Penalization Shear rate between the two screws

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