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Intro to Odonata

5,500 spp. world 650 NA. Intro to Odonata. Dragonflies and damselflies Online key: http://insects.ummz.lsa.umich.edu/michodo/test/Home.htm. Adults near freshwater. Larvae in many freshwater habitats Few brackish Larvae are predators - capture prey with long, hinged labium.

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Intro to Odonata

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  1. 5,500 spp. world 650 NA Intro to Odonata Dragonflies and damselflies Online key: http://insects.ummz.lsa.umich.edu/michodo/test/Home.htm

  2. Adults near freshwater • Larvae in many freshwater habitats • Few brackish • Larvae are predators - capture prey with long, hinged labium

  3. Mating - in flight, or perched • Oviposition in tandem, or female alone • Species where males remain attached more likely to get fertilization = sperm storage • Eggs fertilized during oviposition

  4. Oviposition • Some insert eggs into plant tissue • Some drop eggs into water • Some submerge

  5. Incomplete metamorphosis(egg – nymph – adult) • 10 - 15 instars • Wing pads appear after 6-7 molts • Larval stage - few weeks to 5 years

  6. Some univoltine = seasonal emergence at one time • Some emerge through entire season • Temporary pond species emerge quickly • Some tropical species use tree holes or bromeliad pools

  7. Larvae are generalized carnivores • Early instars feed on protozoa • Feeding sequence • Detection • Eject labium • Mandibles consume prey

  8. Labium extended • Grabs and holds prey - quickly • Hooks, spines

  9. Many odonate larvae are sit-and-wait-predators • Conceal themselves by burrowing, climbing on vegetation, etc.

  10. Larval morphology • Zygoptera = damselflies • More slender, head wider than thorax, 3 long tracheal gills at abdomen tip • Anisoptera = dragonflies • Stout, head narrower than thorax, 5 short, stiff appendages at abdomen end

  11. Head • Labium = lower lip • Antennae = 6-7 segments

  12. Thorax • Prothorax freely movable tibia femur tarsus wingpads thorax Lateral gill

  13. Abdomen • Zygoptera - epiproct and paraprocts form three gills tibia femur tarsus wingpads thorax Lateral gill

  14. Abdomen • Anisoptera - epiproct and paraprocts are dorsal to two cerci epiproct paraproct

  15. Adults • Compound eyes, short antennae • Three ocelli

  16. Adult wings • Anisoptera - held horizontally at rest • Zygoptera - wings above body at rest

  17. Zygoptera = 3 families Calopterygidae Lestidae Coenagrionidae

  18. Zygoptera families • Calopterygidae • 1st antennal segment long • Prementum with deep median cleft

  19. Lestidae • Short antennae • Prementum stalked, spoon-shaped

  20. Lestidae

  21. Coenagrionidae • Short antennae • Basal half of prementum not narrowed

  22. Anisoptera familiesGomphidae • Prementum and palpal lobes of labium flat • No dorsal setae • Antennae 4-segmented

  23. Gomphidae

  24. Petularidae • Prementum and palpal lobes of labium flat • Antennae 6- and 7-segmented • Short, thick hairy antennae

  25. Aeshnidae • Prementum and palpal lobes of labium flat • Antennae 6- and 7-segmented • Antennal segments short, bristle-like

  26. Aeshnidae

  27. Cordulegastridae • Prementum and palpal lobes spoon-shaped • Distal edge of lateral lobe with irregular teeth

  28. Corduliidae • Prementum and palpal lobes spoon-shaped • Distal edge of lateral lobe w/o irregular teeth • Thick frontal horn, long metafemur

  29. Corduliidae

  30. Libellulidae • Prementum and palpal lobes spoon-shaped • Distal edge of lateral lobe w/o irregular teeth • Shallow crenulations on lateral lobe of labium

  31. Libellulidae

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