The Venusgrotte: Ludwig II's Magical Blue Grotto

1. Die Venusgrotte Its name comes from a Linde tree growing since the fifteenth century in what was a farm at the time, belonging to the Benedictine Abbey in Bavaria's Ettal, and the Linder family who farmed it, and Ludwig II's SCHLOSS LINDERHOF is full of surprises. One is DIE VENUSGROTTE, Venus' grotto.Totally artificial and inspired by Capri’s "GrottaAzzurra", it is illuminated in changing colors with lights powered by the world's first power plant. From 1878, before the invention of the first commercially successful light bulb. Ludwig spent hours in his magical blue grotto; sitting in this small shell-like boat just dreaming and thinking.

2. Frage des Tages • Heute morgen wurde ich um halb sechs von einem Presslufthammer ____ ! Was für ein Start in den Tag!a) aufgewecktb) aufgewacht

3. Objective • Students will be able to talk about and explain their knowledge of the passive voice in English.

4. Order of Events • Notes on the Passive voice

5. The Passive Voice If a sentence is in the active voice, usually the subject is the topic and the verb flows left to right, exerting the influence of the subject on the object. Ex. Ich kaufe einen Kuli. “I” being the subject, “to buy” is the verb and “a pen” is the object.

6. But there are times when the doer of the deed is not known, as in instructional manuals – “The engine is started by pressing lever B.” And there are times when we would rather suppress the subject – “The window was broken late last night.”

7. Passive Voice • In the passive voice, the subject of the sentence is neither a do-er or a be-er, but is acted upon by some other agent or by something unnamed Note: The passive voice is used much less in German than in English. Ex. Ceasar was stabbed by Brutus. The child was struck by the car. Kennedy was elected President. She snubs him.

8. The passive voice, by reversing the flow of the verb, allows us to disguise the object as a subject and place it in front, where the topic of a sentence is expected to be. Meanwhile the true subject, if stated at all, has very little news value and is therefore in the middle of the sentence in a prepositional phrase.

9. Passive Voice • Both German and English offer an alternative verb structure, the passive voice, in which the subject of the sentence receives the action: He is snubbed by her. To transform the active to the passive, we turn the direct object "him" into the grammatical subject "he" and place it in the customary first position. The active verb, "snubs," becomes the past participle ("snubbed"), and "to be" is inserted as the auxiliary verb: thus She snubs him becomes He is snubbed.

10. Passive Voice • One purpose of the passive voice is avoid identifying the active subject - "Mistakes were made" - but if we do want to retain that information, we put it into a prepositional phrase: He is snubbed by her. • The passive sentence's tenses are achieved through manipulation of the auxiliary verb: He was snubbed. He is being snubbed. He had been snubbed. He will be snubbed. Etc.

11. Active to Passive Voice • Switch SUBJECT (becomes agent using von + dative OR durch + accusative) & DIRECT OBJECT (becomes subject – change to NOMINATIVE). Use von when the agent is a person. Use durchwhen the agent is not a person. 2. IS THERE A MODAL? • If NO – skip to #3 • If YES – what tense is the modal? • Leave tense same- and change infinitive to passive infinitive Ex.AnnamusstegesternKlavierüben. Klaviermusste von Anna geübtwerden.

12. Active to Passive Voice 3. No modal! – WHAT TENSE IS THE MAIN VERB? • Use SAME TENSE OF WERDEN plus the PAST PARTICIPLE of the main verb. Ex. Mein Freund kauftKonzerkarten. = present tense Konzertkartenwerden von meinem Freund gekauft. Ex. Der Lehrer hat die Antwortgegeben. = present perfect (Perfekt) tense Die Antwortist von dem Lehrer gegebenworden.

13. Tenses • Present:werden (conjugated), ge__________ modal (same tense), ge______, werden (unconjugated) • Perfekt: sein (conjugated), ge_______, worden (unconjugated) hat , ge_______, werden(unconjugated), modal (unconjugated) • Imperfekt: wurden (conjugated), ge_______ modal (same tense), ge______, werden(unconjugated) • Future: werden (conjugated), ge______, werden (unconjugated) werden, ge_____, werden, modal (unconjugated) • Plusquamperfekt: war, ge_____, worden (unconjugated) hatte, ge____, werden, modal (unconjugated)

14. werden • werdewurdewar • wirstwurdestwarst • wirdwurdewar • werdenwurdenwaren • werdetwurdetwart • werdenwurdenwaren

15. Beispiel Present: Das Buchwirdgelesen. Perfekt: Das Buchistgelesenworden. Imperfekt: Das Buchwurdegelesen. Future: Das Buchwirdgelesenwerden. Plusquam: Das Buch war gelesenworden.

16. With a modal verb Present: Das Buch muss bis Montag gelesenwerden. Perfekt: Das Buch hat bis Montag gelesenwerdenmüssen. Imperfekt: Das Buchmusstebis Montag gelesenwerden. Future: Das Buchwirdbis Montag gelesenwerdenmüssen. Plusquam: Das Buchhattebis Montag gelesenwerdenmüssen.

17. Active vs. Passive The active voice: Present Er lobt den Jungen. He praises(is praising, does praise) the boy. The passive voice: Present Der Junge wird von ihm gelobt. The boy is (being) praised by him.

18. Der Junge wird von ihm gelobt. In forming the passive voice the prepositional phrase von ihm supplies the real subject, and is optional, being of secondary news value. A colloquial translation would be “The boy gets praised by him” or, omitting the agent, “The boy gets praised.”

19. Active vs. Passive Future Sie wird den Jungen loben. She will praise the boy. Future Der Junge wird von ihr gelobt werden. The boy will be praised by her.

20. Active vs. Passive Simple Past Sie lobte den Jungen. She praised (was praising) the boy. Simple Past Der Junge wurde von ihr gelobt. The boy was (being) praised by her.

21. Active vs. Passive Present Perfect Er hat den Junge gelobt. He (has) praised the boy. Present Perfect Der Junge ist von ihm gelobt worden. The boy has been (or was) praised by him.