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20th Century: World War II

20th Century: World War II. Dictatorships : Fascists and Communist. Dictators: Totalitarianism Characteristics. “Total State” Not passive obedience Expected active loyalty and commitment control of political, economic, social and cultural aspects of life led by a single leader and party

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20th Century: World War II

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  1. 20th Century: World War II Dictatorships: Fascists and Communist

  2. Dictators: TotalitarianismCharacteristics • “Total State” Not passive obedience • Expected active loyalty and commitment • control of political, economic, social and cultural aspects of life • led by a single leader and party • not interested in individual freedom (civil liberties) • used modern technology and propaganda

  3. The Fascists Benito Mussolini- Italy Adolph Hitler- Germany Fransico Franco- Spain Juan Peron- Argentina The Communists Joseph Stalin - USSR Mao Zedong- China Ho Chi Minh- Vietnam Fidel Castro- Cuba Tito- Yugoslavia Representative 20th Century Dictators

  4. Benito Mussolini 1883-1945Il Duce • First Fascist Dictator • Italy- in political and economic crisis • had support of middle class seeking stability • 1922- march on Rome- Victor Emmanuel made him PM • Could legislate by decree, police state • Created Young Fascists- Never really in control of all culture/society

  5. Adolph Hitler 1889-1945Der Fuhrer • born in Austria-early life in Vienna • core of beliefs- anti-Semitic • wrote “Mein Kampf” in jail in 20’s • built Nazi party on dissatisfaction • won over elite and establishment • fear of communists- largest party • became chancellor • Reichtag burned-emergency powers

  6. The Nazi State 1933-1945 • Total State techniques • propaganda masters • mass demonstrations • rearmament of the military • SS control of police using terror based on Nazi ideology (secret police,camps execution and extermination) • Churches and youth groups under control • GOAL Aryan ???? racial ??? state.

  7. Joseph Stalin and the USSRCommunist State • Similar to Total state • oppression of the masses • ownership of production and land by the state • forced rapid industrialization cruel • purges- wondered who was in power • elections? one party. 10% member

  8. Spain General Francisco Franco 1892-1975 resulted from a civil war with communists aided by Italy and Germany Latin America military dictators popular Juan Peron in Argentina Fascists (cont..)

  9. Path to World War II • Looking for “living room” expansion • Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia • Munich Conference- Chamberlain believed Hitler - would not demand more • repudiated the Versailles Treaty-Rhineland • 1938 annexed Austria • Poland invasion 1939- Treaty with GB and France declared war • Blitzkrieg

  10. Blitzkrieg- Lightening War • Poland surrendered in 4 weeks • Same speed took Denmark, Norway Belgium, Holland and France (s of Paris) • Troops on continent trapped at Dunkirk • Importance of airwar- bombing of England • allied with Italy- took North Africa

  11. Allied Offensive 1943-45 • Began in North Africa • Japan and the United States enter war in 1941 • Sicily 1943 • Italy to So France • Normandy- largest invasion in history • Other battles, Battle of the Bulge, Arnheim, Remagen, Berlin

  12. The Holocaust- the plan to eliminate the opposition • Concentration Camps become death Camps (more than 100 of these) • Brought Jews and any in opposition from all over Europe (Denmark the exception) • Labor Camps- Arbeit Mach Frei • killed two out of every 3 Jews- 6 mil • Another 9-10 mil more

  13. Pacific WarJapan, China , US GB • Japan had invaded and controlled much of China resisted by Mao Zedong and Chaing Kai Sheck • Dec 7, 1941- Bombs on Pearl Harbor • United States in the war • Economy- rationing- war machines built • Beginning of the end of tyranny • United States Undisputed World Leader • Making Plans for Peace

  14. Making Plans for Peace • The Big Three: Chruchill, Roosevelt, Stalin • Locations: Teheran, Yalta, Potsdam (Truman) VE Day • Atomic Bomb Test / Dropped • Ended War VJ Day • Churchill “An Iron curtain has descended in Europe” Beginning of the Cold War

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