Examples & Uses of Jets Pitot & Static Probes - Summary EML 4304L

Examples & Uses of JetsPitot & Static Probes - SummaryEML 4304L

JSF - STOVL Version Boeing X-32 (CDP) USMC Version* Lockheed-Martin X-35 (CDP) USMC Version* * Images obtained from the Official US Government, DOD, JSF Site

Examples & Uses of Jets Ground Effect for a STOVL aircraft in hover

F-18 Examples & Uses of Jets F22 Raptor

Supersonic Inlets & Diffusers (http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/lowsup.html)

(Supersonic) Microjets 100 mm 400 m 50 m Pressure tap hole Human Hair 200 m Inlet pressure hole Settling chamber Micro-nozzles C-D Micro-nozzles Converging/Sonic Micro- nozzles F. S. Alvi alvi@eng.fsu.edu

100 mm Supersonic Microjets Flow Visualization Results 100 mm ; PO~ 100 Psi 200 mm ; PO~ 120 Psi 400 mm ; PO~ 120 Psi

Supersonic Jets Mach 2 Rectangular Jets Sonic Round jet (0.4 mm) Vectored Rectangular Jets Mach 2 Roundvectored Jet (~30 mm)

Jet Properties

Flow work + kinetic energy + potential energy = constant Summary of (some) Fluids Concepts Learned in 3015C (cont’d) • Conservation of Momentum- If viscosity is neglected: Euler’s Equation • Integrate Euler’s equation along a streamline to obtain Bernoulli’s Equation It is only valid for : incompressible fluids, steady flow along a streamline, no energy loss due to friction, no heat transfer • Conservation of Energy - If energy is added, removed or lost via pumps turbines, friction, etc.then we use the energy equation or Extended Bernoulli’s Equation: Where hA , hE is work done by or on the systems, e.g turbines, pumps, etc. and hL is Frictional Head Loss where

1 2 Pitot probes • At station 1, the fluid is moving: • P1 = Pstatic OR simply Ps V1 = V • At station 2, the fluid is rest: • P2 = Ppitot OR Ptotal OR PstognationOR P0 andV2 = 0 (fluid is at rest) • Hence, Bernoulli’s Equation is reduced to:

Examples & Uses of Jets Pitot & Static Probes - Summary EML 4304L