Standard 4

1. Standard 4 The student will identify the ideological, military, and diplomatic aspects of the American Revolution.

2. A

3. Enlightenment • It was an 18th-century movement that emphasized science and reason as key to improving society. • John Locke was a great political writer of the time. • Enlightenment and John Locke greatly influenced Thomas Jefferson, who was the writer of the Declaration of Independence.

4. Natural Rights/Inalienable Rights • John Locke believed that these rights belonged to people simply because they are human and aren’t given to them by any king or government. • Locke believed that people created governments to protect their natural rights. This was known as social contract. • If the government failed in this contract, the people had the right to revolt and replace the government.

5. The Declaration is Adopted • On July 4, 1776 the colonies accepted the Declaration of Independence. • It defined the basic principles on which the American government and society would be based.

6. “That whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or abolish it.” • These words from the Declaration of Independence describe the enlightened idea of a • Need to ensure a representative government. • Return to a society that has no central government. • Social contract between the government and the people. • Revolutionary intent to overthrow the current government.

7. The Enlightenment is best described as what? • The document declaring US independence. • A historical period featuring new thoughts on government and politics. • The moment it became clear that the colonies should declare independence. • The ideas of British philosophers.

8. To understand political power right … we must consider, what state all men are naturally in, and that is, a state of perfect freedom to order their actions, and dispose of their possessions and persons, as they think fit, within the bounds of he law of nature, without asking leave, or depending upon the will of any other man. • According to Enlightenment thinking, the role of government is to • Have absolute rule over people. • Protect the natural rights of citizens. • Protect the monarchy against rebellion. • Decide if natural rights applied to the people.

9. The document formally adopted on July 4, 1776 that made the colonies’ break with Great Britain official is known as what? • The Enlightenment • Inalienable Rights • The Declaration of Independence • The Social Contract

10. Which of the following BEST describes the impact of the Declaration of Independence? • It established the US government by dividing power between an executive, a legislative, and a judicial branch. • It made the colonies’ split with England official by formally proclaiming the US to be a free nation. • It has been used by many totalitarian governments to put down rebellions worldwide. • It revolutionized political thought by rejecting the idea of the Enlightenment as it established a body of laws for the new US.

11. John Locke and Montesquieu can best be described as what? • Federalists • Jeffersonian Republicans • Political philosophers whose ideas influenced the Founding Fathers • Supporters of the Great Compromise

12. Which of the following is MOST reflected in the Declaration of Independence? • Confidence in the decisions of Parliament • Ideas put forth by John Locke • The need for three branches of government • Mercantilism

13. B

14. The Battle of Saratoga • This was one of the biggest American victories in the war. • It became the turning point in the war when French agreed to help the colonists gain their freedom from Britain.

15. France • The alliance with France was a huge advantage for the colonists. • France gave money, troops and use of their navy to help to defeat the British. • This also helped because the British had to defend itself in Europe as well as in North America.

16. Marquis de Lafayette • He was a French general who helped the Patriots during the war. • He was experienced at fighting the British and used that knowledge to the advantage of the Patriots.

17. Benjamin Franklin • He was integral in getting the French to join the Revolutionary War on the side of the Patriots. • After the war, Franklin negotiated the peace treaty with the British. • He gained more land for the United States because he cut the French out of the negotiations.

18. Of what importance were men such as the Marquis de Lafayette and Baron von Steuben to the American cause? • They served as spies. • They provided expertise. • They assisted the British. • They served in Congress.

19. Why was the Battle of Saratoga an important turning point in the American Revolution? • It brought Spain into the war on the side of the British. • It created a new alliance between the British and the French. • It allowed the British to secure New York. • It motivated the French to offer military and financial assistance.

20. The US victory at Saratoga was especially important for which of the following reasons? • It was the first US victory of the American Revolution. • It was the result of a daring move by General Washington on Christmas night 1776. • It convinced France that the US could win the war, thereby giving the US a crucial ally. • It resulted in Britain's immediate surrender and served as the final decisive battle of the war.

21. Why was the Battle of Saratoga a turning point in the American Revolution? • It was followed by a formal alliance with France to support the American fight for independence. • It resulted in the capture of thousands of British soldiers, along with their pledge to no longer fight against the Americans. • It showed the military skill of Benedict Arnold, though he would soon change sides. • It gave Congress reason to change command of the Continental Army from General George Washington to General Horatio Gates

22. France’s role in the American Revolution can best be described as which of the following? • Crucial, because the US could not have won without France’s help • Beneficial to the US, but not necessary to achieving victory • Limited, because France entered the war so late • Neutral, because France would only fight Britain in Europe

23. France’s decision to help the American colonies during the Revolutionary War was MOST LIKELY driven by its desire to • End the power of monarchies in Europe. • Re-capture the Ohio Valley for France. • Humiliate their old adversary, the British. • Form an alliance with the Americans because it was clear that the US was becoming the strongest nation on earth.

24. C

25. George Washington • He was the commander of the Revolutionary Army. • He had great leadership skills. • He won the Battle of Trenton which helped with the morale of the entire resistance. • At Valley Forge, he showed the ability to lead his men through hard times and prepare them for the rest of the war.

26. Which of the following is the best description of George Washington as a military leader? • He was a weak leader who had trouble winning the respect of his men. • He was a gifted leader who never lost a single battle during the revolution. • Although Congress did not want him to serve as general, he was elected to that post by the army and surprise everyone with his skill as a commander. • He was an exceptional leader who somehow overcame defeats and hardships to lead the US to victory.

27. Who was the Virginian chosen to command the American Continental Army during the Revolutionary War? • George Washington • Lord Cornwallis • Benjamin Franklin • Marquis de Lafayette

28. D

29. The Battle of Yorktown • It was the final battle of the Revolutionary War. • Washington was able to pin the British between his army and the French navy. • Lord Cornwallis was forced to surrender.

30. The Treaty of Paris (1783) • The treaty officially ended the Revolutionary War. • It was signed by Great Britain, France, Spain, and the United States.

31. The Treaty of Paris (1783) • Great Britain recognized the independence of the United States. • The northern border of the United States was set primarily along the great lakes. • The Mississippi River was set as the western border of the United States. • Florida was given back to the Spanish by the British. • Great Britain would remove its troops from the United States territory. • The rights and property of American Loyalists was returned.

32. The Impact of the Revolution • The traditional ideas about women were now challenged. • The principle of equality as included in the Declaration of Independence provided an argument for the Anti-Slavery cause. • The Iroquois and other Native American tribes were destroyed, and were continually persecuted by the Americans for decades to come. • The greatest effect of the war was the diffusion around the world of the idea that “all men are created equal”.

33. How did the Treat of Paris 1783 change the political map of North America? • Great Britain gained land. • The US claimed land that had been under British control. • France ceded Florida to Spain. • The US gained Florida from Spain.

34. What did the US gain as a result of the Treaty of Paris 1783? • The island of Cuba • Part of Quebec • Land west to the Mississippi River • Texas and Florida

35. Which statement describes the Battle of Yorktown? • It allowed American and French forces to trap Cornwallis and 8,000 British troops. • It created a new alliance between Great Britain and Spain. • It was a significant British defeat over the Continentals. • It was a surprise attack by British troops over cold and starving Continentals.

36. Unit 1 Book Questions Pg. 30: 1-9 Pg. 62: 1-10 Pg. 92: 1-9 Pg. 130: 1-9 Pg. 160: 1-8 Pg. 222: 1-9 Blog: www.pebblebrookhigh.typepad.com/mr_rathke