Psych Immersions? (Connections to something else in psychology, another text, or your world.)

1. Psych Immersions? (Connections to something else in psychology, another text, or your world.) • Critical questions from the reading?

2. EQ 1-2 • Trace the growth of psychology.

3. Psychology’s Roots Are in Philosophy Prescientific Psychology • Do you have a soul? • Is the mind connected to the body or distinct? • Are ideas inborn or is the mind a blank slate filled by experience?

4. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Buddha wondered how sensations & perceptions combined to form ideas.

5. Prescientific Psychology Confucius (551-479 B.C.) Confucius stressed power of ideas & importance of an educated mind.

6. Prescientific Psychology Hebrew Scriptures Linked mind & emotion to the body.

7. Monism v. Dualism • Monists: mind (soul) & body are different aspects of same thing, continues into present. (Aristotle, Locke) • Dualists: mind (soul) can exist separately from the body (Socrates, Plato, Decartes)

8. Prescientific Psychology • Aristotle: (monist) • Soul not separate • from body & • Ideas come from • experience. • (nurture)

9. Prescientific Psychology -Dualists Plato Socrates

10. Socrates - dualist • Socrates & student Plato • Believed mind separate from body (dualists) • Mind exists after death • Ideas innate. (nature)

11. Plato - dualist Soul has 3 parts • Reason & perception in head • Noble passions: courage & pride in heart & lungs • Base passions: greed & lust in liver & guts • *thought 1st was immortal & 2nd & 3rd perishable

12. Plato’s Chariot Analogy

13. Plato’s Chariot Metaphor Good horse represents spirit:noble passions horse- well formed & handsome. Bad/Wild horse represents appetites:base passions horse - crooked, lumbering, ill made, short-throated, bloodshot eyes. Charioteer represents reason:determines direction to drive chariot • Mind/Soul: Represented in chariot.

14. Plato’s Chariot Metaphor

15. Prologue: Psychology’s Roots

16. Rene Descartes Dualist Nature v. Nurture Debate (NATURE) Prescientific Psychology

17. Rene Descartes • Dualist: mind & body as interactive machines. • Mind could follow body & vice versa. Allowed for voluntary & involuntary behavior. • Brain area of mental functioning.

18. John Locke (1632-1704) Tabula Rasa “Blank Slate” Nature or Nurture? NURTURE Prescientific Psychology

19. Psychology’s Roots • Psychological Science Is Born • Empiricism • Knowledge comes from experience via the senses • Science flourishes through observation and experiment

20. Psychology’s Roots • Wilhelm Wundt (vil´helm voont) opened the first psychology laboratory at the University of Liepzig (c. 1879) • Father of psychology

21. Psychology’s Roots • Selective Attention • Wundt’s significance? • By insisting on measurement and experimentation he moves Psych from Philosophy to Science

22. Psychology As Science • Psychologists use the scientific method • Steps to the scientific method • Collect data • Generate a theory to explain the data • Produce a testable hypothesis • Systematically test the hypothesis

23. Psychology’s Roots • Bradford Titchener (tich´unur) (Wundt’s student) • Structuralism used introspection (looking in) to explore the elemental structure of the human mind

24. What is this?

25. What is this?

26. What is this?

27. Psychology’s Roots • Structuralism – • School of psychology that stressed the basic units of experience (physical sensation, feelings, and memories) and the combinations in which they occur. • Study these ‘atoms of experience’ to get the structure of the mind

28. Prologue: Psychology’s Roots • William James • Rejects Structuralism • Influenced by Darwin • Functionalism –theory of mental life and behavior that is concerned with how an organism uses its perceptual abilities to function in its environment.

29. Functionalism • How they allow organisms to adapt, survive & thrive. (based on guess whose theory ….) • “Stream of Consciousness.”

30. Functionalism • How they allow organisms to adapt, survive & thrive. (based on guess whose theory ….) • “Stream of Consciousness.”

31. The Growth of Psychology • Sigmund Freud: Psychodynamic psychology • Behavior results from forces at work within the individual, often at an unconscious level • Late 1800s • Hard to prove or disprove scientifically

32. Prologue: Psychology’s Roots Figure 1- British Psychological Society membership

33. Return to the observable in the early 1900s • John B. Watson: Behaviorism • Studied only observable behaviors • Expanded upon the work of Pavlov • B.F. Skinner: Behaviorism revisited • Expanded behaviorism • Viewed the mind as a “black box” that was irrelevant

34. The Cognitive Revolution • The precursors to cognitive psychology: • Gestalt psychology • Study of how we perceive objects as whole patterns • Therapy that wishes to treat the whole person • Humanistic psychology • Emphasizes realization of full potential • Recognizes importance of love, self esteem, belonging, and self-actualization

35. The Cognitive Revolution of the 1960s • Study of mental processes • Thinking • Learning • Feeling • Remembering • Decision making

36. New Directions in Psychology • Evolutionary psychology • Studies the adaptive value of behaviors and mental processes • Positive psychology • Study of the subjective feelings of happiness and well-being • Focus is on positive attitude

37. Multiple Perspectives • There is no single right answer • Several perspectives can provide insight into behavior • Biopsychosocial

38. Psychology’s Big Issues • Nature-nurture controversy • Are we a product of innate, inborn tendencies controlled by our genetic make-up? • Are we a reflection of experiences and upbringing? • Person–Situation • Is behavior caused by factors inside the person or outside? • Stability–Change • Are behavior patterns learned in childhood permanent or do people change over time? • Diversity-Universality • How am I like every person, like some people, and like no one else? • Mind–Body • What is the relationship between the mind and the body?

39. EQ 1-2 • Trace the growth of psychology.