How did Soviet & US actions increase rivalry and tension between East and West, 1945-1949?

1. How did Soviet & US actions increase rivalry and tension between East and West, 1945-1949? Increased tension and competition between the Superpowers

2. STARTER Whydid the USSR take over Eastern Europe from 1945 onwards?

3. STARTER 2 Watch this video to refresh your memory of the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan, 1947.

4. STARTER 2 continued… How did Truman and the USA react to the Soviet Union’s takeover of Eastern Europe? Each of the following phrases help to explain the Marshall Plan OR the Truman Doctrine OR BOTH. Can you pinpoint which, and explain their relevance? US markets $17 billion containment Civil war in Greece armed force

5. Homework • Revise what we have done so far for a knowledge test on the Cold War. The questions will not be exam style ones, just quick(ish) answer ones. The test will be next Tues 28th Jan • The topics which you need to revise are: • Tehran Conference • Yalta Conference • Potsdam Conference • How and why the USSR took over Eastern Europe • Truman Doctrine • Marshall Plan • Comecon & Cominform

6. Today and next lesson… • The Berlin Crisis (or Berlin Airlift) 1948-9 • What were the causes of the crisis, both long and short term? • What was the crisis? • How was the crisis resolved? • What were the consequences for Germany, and for relations between the USA and USSR?

7. What can you remember about the division of Germany, and why the location of Berlin was a problem?

8. The Berlin Crisis (or Berlin Blockade) 1948-9 • You’re now going to read about….. • What were the causes of the crisis – long term and short term? • What was the crisis? • You’ve got around 10 minutes to study the handout on your own….then it will be collected back in, and you’ll have to try to explain the points above in your own words.

9. ACTIVITY – The Berlin crisis and airlift 1948-49 • Stick your map in the centre of a clean single page (turn book landscape?) • Around it, you’re going to write notes to explain • The long term causes of the crisis • The short term causes of the crisis • What the crisis was (ie. the blockade) • Use these phrases to help jog your memory.

10. Finished your notes? • Come up with a list of ‘test’ questions about the causes of the Berlin Crisis and the nature of the crisis itself. The idea is that we will use your questions to test the knowledge and understanding of others in the class. • Question stems – your questions could start with….. • How/why/when/where was….. • What was the idea/motive behind…. • How many…. • Which do you think was the most important…. • Which were….. • Why was it the case that…..

11. How was the crisis resolved? The Berlin Airlift 1948-49 • Truman wanted to stand up to the USSR and show that he was serious about containment (under the Truman Doctrine). He saw Berlin as a test case – if the western Allies gave in, Stalin might try to take over the western zones of Germany, next! • The only way into Berlin from the western zones of Germany was by air. So the allies decided to airlift supplies from West Germany. Would the USSR shoot down these planes? As a warning to the USSR, Truman ordered B-29 bombers (capable of carrying atom bombs) to be sent to Britain – putting the USSR within US bombing range. • The USSR did not shoot down any planes. • The airlift started in June 1948 and lasted until May 1949. Planes flew in supplies (food, oil, clothing, coal etc) to West Berlin day and night, landing at 90 second intervals. An average of 4000 tonnes of supplies were airlifted each day.

12. A British cartoon titled The Bird Watcher, July 1948. The man holding the gun is Stalin. The storks represent the planes carrying in supplies. Why do you think Stalin didn’t order the planes to be shot down?

13. A soldier fitting sweets to parachutes made out of handkerchiefs. These were dropped to thousands of children in Berlin.

14. What were the results of the crisis? • East-West rivalry was greatly increased. • Truman saw the crisis as a great victory – the West had stood up to the USSR. However, Stalin saw it as a defeat and a humiliation. • The crisis led to the creation of NATO, which we’ll be learning about next! • 2. Germany was definitely divided, now! • East Berlin and West Berlin were clearly divided (but the Berlin Wall was not built until the 1960s). • So were East Germany and West Germany – the Allies announced that their zones in Germany would join together to form the Federal German Republic (West G). Stalin turned the Soviet zone into the German Democratic Republic (East G.)

15. REVIEW As you watch, think of (a) one thing this video leaves out, and (b) one thing it tells you that you didn’t already know.