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Newton's Second Law: Motion Along a Line - Forces, Acceleration, and Equilibrium

Learn about Newton's Second Law, forces acting on a particle, finding net force and acceleration, equilibrium, static and dynamical equilibrium, kinematics, friction, and weight measurements.

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Newton's Second Law: Motion Along a Line - Forces, Acceleration, and Equilibrium

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  1. Newton’s Second Law: Motion Along a Line Readings: Chapter 6 (2nd edition)

  2. Object – as a particle • Identify all the forces • Find the net force (vector sum of all individual forces) • Introduce convenient co-ordinate system • Find the acceleration of the object (second Newton’s law) • With the known acceleration find kinematics of the object

  3. The First Class of Problems: Equilibrium • Static Equilibrium: no motion (velocity = 0, then acceleration = 0 ) • Dynamical Equilibrium: no acceleration (velocity = constant) • In both cases acceleration = 0 • Second Newton’s Law – Net Force = 0 Convenient co-ordinate system!! Static Equilibrium:

  4. Special Class of Problems: Equilibrium The First Class of Problems: Equilibrium • Static Equilibrium: no motion (velocity = 0, then acceleration = 0 ) • Dynamical Equilibrium: no acceleration (velocity = constant) Dynamic Equilibrium: Convenient co-ordinate system!! Kinetic friction

  5. The Second Class of Problems: Find Acceleration Special Class of Problems: Equilibrium • Important: • Introduce convenient co-ordinate system!! • Understand what the direction of acceleration is!! Kinetic friction

  6. The Second Class of Problems: Find Acceleration Special Class of Problems: Equilibrium is given is given is given ? Then:

  7. Friction - coefficient of static friction (it is usually given in the problem) Static friction: - normal force Kinetic friction: - coefficient of kinetic friction (it is usually given in the problem) Rolling friction: - coefficient of rolling friction (it is usually given in the problem) Usually: very small

  8. Friction - coefficient of static friction Static friction: - normal force Find the maximum tension, Equilibrium: weight, friction tension normal Condition of equilibrium:

  9. Friction - coefficient of static friction Static friction: - normal force Find the maximum tension, Equilibrium: Condition of equilibrium:

  10. Friction - coefficient of kinetic friction Kinetic friction: - normal force Find acceleration, weight, friction tension normal then

  11. Friction - coefficient of static friction Static friction: - normal force Find the maximum angle, Equilibrium: Condition of equilibrium:

  12. Friction - coefficient of static friction Static friction: - normal force Find the maximum angle, Condition of equilibrium:

  13. Friction - coefficient of kinetic friction Kinetic friction: - normal force Find acceleration then

  14. Weight and Apparent Weight Weight – gravitational force - pulls the objects down - mass of the object (the same on all planets) - free-fall acceleration (different on different planets) How can we measure weight? • We can measure massby comparing with the known mass • We can measure the weight by comparing with the known force

  15. Weight and Apparent Weight Apparent Weight – reading of the scale (or the normal force) In equilibrium: then Motion with acceleration: then then The man feels heavier than normal while accelerating upward The man feels lighter than normal while accelerating upward

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