A Train Tour of the Northeast

1. Maryland Maine Pennsylvania A Train Tour of the Northeast Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jersey Rhode Island Connecticut Vermont Delaware New York

2. The Northeast United States

3. Questions to think about • Why do we call the Northeast the “birthplace of our nation”? • Why did our nations first factories start here? • What large cities are found in the Northeast?

4. -Northeast Maine -Northernmost part of the United States -The lighthouse keeps ships from crashing into the shore. The Sun rises here before anywhere else in the country West Quoddy Head, Maine

5. Northeastern Coast - Maine • Fishing is very important – fishing harbors are found throughout the coastline • Moving glaciers carved out the once smooth coastline a long time ago Click the boat to hear the fog horn

6. -The coast use to be smooth until the Ice Age • -When glaciers melted, the sea flowed into the places where they were. • Harbors formed.

7. The Mountains of the Northeast – New Hampshire • Mt. Washington – highest peak in the Northeast at 6,288 ft. • Some of the world’s most severe weather • Possibility of snow all year long • Peak is very windy • Vocabulary • Peak – the top of a mountain

8. Maine - New Hampshire • State Capital - Augusta • Concord

9. Mount Washington Cog Railway • Mount Washington Cog Railway is used to get to the top – running on the 2nd steepest railway in the world • A part of the White Mountains which are connected to the Appalachian Mountain Range Click the train to go to The Cog Railway

10. Appalachian Mountain Range • One of the oldest mountain ranges in the world.

11. Vermont • Mountains known for skiing • Great foliage in the fall • State Capital - Montpelier

12. Rhode Island • Smallest state in the US. • Newport, RI known for sailing and it is a large port. • State Capital - Providence

13. Connecticut • State Capital - Hartford • Mark Twain’s Home

14. Massachusetts • State Capitol – Boston • Cape Cod is where the Pilgrims landed

15. Democracy Takes Root at Plymouth • About 400 yrs ago the Pilgrims landed in Massachusetts • They left England in 1602 on a ship called the Mayflower – a reproduction of the ship can now be seen at Plymouth Harbor • Half of the passengers were Pilgrims searching for religious freedom, the other half, known as “strangers” were looking to settle in Virginia

16. Democracy Takes Root at Plymouth • A storm blew the ship off course forcing the passengers to land in New England • With no government established in New England, the Pilgrims had a problem. • How did they solve their problem?

17. Problem Solved!! • To solve their problem, the Pilgrims came up with the Mayflower Compact – their agreement to set up a government that would make laws and rules for the benefit of everyone • Every man signed the compact and a governor was elected • Because of this Americans today believe that leaders and laws should be elected and created by the people Click the Mayflower compact to see Schoolhouse Rock – American Revolution

18. What is DEMOCRACY??

19. A form of government in which people vote for their laws and leaders.

20. Boston Leads the Fight For Freedom • The Freedom Trail and the Black Heritage Trail both are both walking trails that begin at the Boston Common • Freedom Trail – takes you to different places where the fight for freedom began, ending at the very place the first battle of the American Revolution took place, Bunker Hill • Black Heritage Trail – learn about the long history of African Americans in Boston ending at the African Meeting House

21. The Freedom Trail

22. Boston Leads the Fight For Freedom • America’s first public park is Boston Common • Boston is one of America’s oldest cities and where the fight for freedom began • The American Revolution began near Boston when British troops fought against the colonists in 1775 because they no longer wanted to live under British rule • “Boston Tea Party”

23. Boston Leads the Fight For Freedom • Battle of Bunker Hill • “Shot heard Around the world” • Vocabulary • Revolution – the overthrow of a system of government Click the photo to watch the “Shot heard Around the World”

24. New York • Albany is the state capital • New York City is one of the largest cities in the United States. • Borders 2 of the Great Lakes, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario

25. The Erie Canal Links the Northeast and Midwest!! • The Erie Canal is a 363-mile-long ditch connecting Hudson River with the Great Lakes • In 1817, work began on the canal because they needed a faster and more costly way to transport goods

26. The Erie Canal

27. Erie Canal • 83 locks were built to carry the boats over the mountains • In 1825, the Erie Canal opened and was a great success – freight prices dropped and New York City soon became the nation’s busiest seaport Click the photo to hear the Erie Canal Song

28. The Erie Canal A canal is a ditch dug across land. The problem was the Appalachian Mountains were between the two regions and there was no river crossing the mountains The solution was that men dug a 40-foot-wide ditch from the Hudson River to Lake Erie Click the Photo to see a boat Go through the Erie Canal. • Locks are used to raise and lower boats in the water. • Lock – a water elevator used to raise and lower boats

29. New York City: Where Buildings Touch the Sky • The largest city in America with more than 8 million people living in it • City of immigrants containing many different cultures and languages • Dutch settled here first then Europeans and Africans

30. New York City: Where Buildings Touch the Sky • New Yorkers began to build skyscrapers to house so many people • New York’s most famous skyscraper is The Empire State Building – 102 floors with 1,800 stairs and 1,472 ft tall • Vocabulary • Skyscraper – a very tall building

31. Delaware • The First State • Dover is the Capital • Borders Pennslvania

32. New Jersey • Capital – Trenton • The Garden State • Borders Pennsylvania

33. Pennsylvania • Capital – Harrisburg • State bird – Ruffled Grouse • State animal – White tailed deer • State flower – Mountain Laurel • State insect – Lady bug and the Firefly • State motto – The Keystone State

34. Hershey, Pennsylvania: A Town Built on Chocolate • Water power and people power were two reasons why the first factories were built in the Northeast • Milton Hershey started a candy business over a hundred years ago.

35. Hershey, Pennsylvania: A Town Built on Chocolate • He used the mass production system in his factory • The Hershey bar was America’s first mass produced candy bar • Hershey’s factory is the largest chocolate factory in the world today • Vocabulary • Mass production – a way of making large quantities of the same product Click the Kiss to view How Hershey Kisses are made. Fast forward if needed.

36. Independence Hall: The Birthplace of the United States • The United States was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania • July 4, 1776 was the first Independence Day – leaders from the 13 colonies met to sign the Declaration of Independence at Independence Hall • Told the world that Americans had formed their own nation called the United States of America

37. The Signing of the Declaration of Independence Click the photo for SchoolHouse Rock Fireworks

38. Our Constitution • In 1787 the nations best thinkers met again in Independence Hall. They wrote a new Constitution or plan of government for our country. We still live by that plan today. • Constitution – A plan of government for the United States

39. Our Constitution • Based on Democracy • The people choose their leader • Protects our rights • To say what you think • Follow any religion • Right to a fair trial • Constitution – A plan of government for the United States Click the photo for the Schoolhouse Rock Preamble Video

40. Maryland and District of Columbia • Capital – Annapolis • Borders Pennsylvania to the south • DC – Borders both Maryland and Virginia

41. Washington, D. C.: Our Nation’s Capital • The capital of the United States and also where our countries government is located • 3 branches of government • Legislative. • Executive • Judicial Click the Capitol to hear 3 Ringed Government

42. 3 Branches of Government • 3 branches of government • Legislative – Congress makes laws for our country. Lawmakers are elected by voters to represent them in Congress. • 2 Parts the House of Representatives and the Senate. Click the Law for “I’m Just a bill video

43. 3 Branches of Government • Executive – the President is head of this branch. Their job is to make sure the laws passed by Congress are carried out. The president is elected by voters from each state. Click the seal to watch the Presidential Minute

44. 3 Branches of Government • Judicial – made up of courts which make sure that the laws passed by Congress are obeyed. Supreme Court is the highest court and its job is the make sure that the laws that are passed by Congress follow the Constitution.

45. Our National Monuments • Washington Monument – celebrates George Washington our first president • Jefferson Memorial – honors signer of the Declaration of Independence and our 3rd president Thomas Jefferson • National Archives Museum – holds the signed Declaration of Independence, Bill of Rights and the U. S. Constitution

46. Summary – Answers to Questions • Why the Northeast is the “birthplace of our nation”? • Boston is where the American Revolution began • Philadelphia is where Americans first declared our independence from Britain • Why first factories where located in Northeast ? • Waterpower to run factories • People who wanted and enjoyed challenge of starting new businesses • New transportation methods – canals + railroads – lowered cost of transporting goods and encouraged people to build factories • What are some large cities? • Boston, Philadelphia, Washington D. C., and New York City

47. The Northeast United States